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. 2024 Feb;14(2):e3421.
doi: 10.1002/brb3.3421.

Serum Galectin-1, Galectin-9, and YKL-40 levels in bipolar disorder and their relationship with cognitive functions

Elcicek Selahaddin  1 , Demir Bahadir  1 , Sahin Sengul  1 , Taysi Seyithan  2 , Ulusal Hasan  2 , Elboga Gülcin  1 , Altindag Abdurrahman  1
Affiliations

Serum Galectin-1, Galectin-9, and YKL-40 levels in bipolar disorder and their relationship with cognitive functions

Elcicek Selahaddin et al. Brain Behav. 2024 Feb.

Abstract

Purpose: The number of studies conducted on the role of neuroinflammation in the etiopathogenesis of bipolar disorder has been increasing in recent years. The role of Galectin-1, Galectin-9, and YKL-40, which are considered to play roles in neuroinflammation and the etiopathogenesis of bipolar disorder, and the relationship of these parameters with cognitive functions were investigated in the present study.

Method: Serum Galectin-1, Galectin-9, and YKL-40 levels were measured with the ELISA Method in 64 bipolar euthymic patients and 64 healthy controls. The Stroop and trail-making tests were administered to assess cognitive functions in all participants.

Results: Serum Galectin-1, Galectin-9, and YKL-40 levels were statistically and significantly lower in the patient group when compared to the healthy control group. The scores of the Stroop test and trail-making tests were statistically higher in the patient group than in the healthy control group. There was a weak and positive correlation between serum Galectin-1, Galectin-9, and YKL-40 levels and cognitive performance in all participants.

Discussion and conclusion: Statistically significant low levels of serum Galectin-1, Galectin-9, and YKL-40 detected in the patient group suggest that these parameters have important roles in neuroinflammation. The statistically higher Stroop and trail-making test scores of the patient group compared to the control group indicates that the cognitive performance of the patient group was weaker. Also, the positive correlation between Galectin-1, Galectin-9, and YKL-40 levels and cognitive performance suggests that these molecules may have a neuroprotective role. We think that the present study will contribute to this field where there is very limited data in the literature.

Keywords: Galectin-1; Galectin-9; YKL-40; bipolar disorder; cognitive functions; inflammation; neuroinflammation.

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Conflict of interest statement

All of the authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest in connection with this paper.

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