The complete chloroplast genome of Philodendron hederaceum (Jacq.) Schott 1829 (Alismatales: Araceae)

Abstract

Philodendron hederaceum (Jacq.) Schott 1829, a species of the Araceae family, is a foliage plant of ornamental value. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Philodendron hederaceum was obtained by the de novo assembly of NovaSeq 6000 (Illumina Co., San Diego, CA) paired-end short reads and Oxford Nanopore long reads. The complete chloroplast genome of P. hederaceum was 168,609 bp in length, with a large single-copy (LSC) region of 94,393 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 25,774 bp, and a pair of identical inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 24,221 bp. The genome contained a total of 129 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 36 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The phylogenetic analysis of P. hederaceum with 19 related species and two outgroup species revealed the closest taxonomical relationship with Philodendron lanceolatum in the Araceae family.

Keywords: Araceae; Oxford Nanopore sequencing; Philodendron hederaceum; complete chloroplast genome; next-generation sequencing.

Figure 1.

Photograph of Philodendron hederaceum (Jacq.) Schott 1829 (these photographs were taken by Jae Hwan Lee). The foliage of P. hederaceum exhibits heart-shape and glossy texture on cascading stems. Upper surface of leaves has medium to dark green color, while lower surface has medium green color. The primary lateral veins have 2–6 per side, and emerge from the midvein at an angle of 35° to 55°. (A) Plants of P. hederaceum, (B) the leaf of P. hederaceum, and (C) the stem of P. hederaceum.

Figure 2.

Chloroplast genome map of Philodendron hederaceum. Genes inside the circle are transcribed in a counterclockwise direction, and genes outside the circle are transcribed in a clockwise direction. The color of each gene represents its function. LSC, SSC, IRa, and IRb regions are indicated in this map.

Figure 3.

The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of Philodendron hederaceum and its close relatives species based on complete chloroplast genome sequences. The complete chloroplast genome sequences of Philodendron hederaceum (bold font) and 19 related species from Araceae with two outgroup species, Sagittaria lichuanensis and Thalassia hemprichii, were downloaded from GenBank. These species include Philodendron lanceolatum (MN551187.1) (Henriquez et al. 2020), Spathiphyllum cannifolium (NC_045125.1) (Liu et al. 2019), Anubias hastifolia (NC_062430.1), Anubias barteri (NC_068131.1), Amorphophallus albus (NC_067990.1), Amorphophallus coaetaneus (NC_072945.1), Amorphophallus titanum (NC_056329.1), Typhonium blumei (NC_051872.1), Arisaema decipiens (NC_064687.1), Arisaema erubescens (Wall.) Schott (NC_051541.1) (Zhang et al. 2020), Arisaema prazeri (NC_072165.1), Lasia spinosa (NC_048970.1) (Abdullah et al. 2020), Wolffia globosa (NC_048463.1), Wolffia australiana (NC_015899.1) (Wang and Messing 2011), Wolffiella lingulata (NC_015894.1) (Wang and Messing 2011), Cryptocoryne nurii (OM950936.1), Cryptocoryne striolata (OM912764.1), Zantedeschia hybrid (NC_041553.1), Zantedeschia rehmannii (MH743154.1), Sagittaria lichuanensis (NC 029815.1) (Luo et al. 2016), and Thalassia hemprichii (NC_043774.1). The numerical value at each node represents bootstrap percentages based on 1000 replicates.