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Review
. 2024 Jan;24(1):100016.
doi: 10.1016/j.clinme.2024.100016. Epub 2024 Jan 24.

Extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections: a guide for the general physician

Akanksha Mimi Malhotra  1 , Mauricio Arias  2 , Matthijs Backx  3 , Jessica Gadsby  4 , Anna Goodman  5 , Ysobel Gourlay  6 , Heather Milburn  5 , Olga Lucia Moncayo-Nieto  7 , Deirdre Shimmin  8 , Martin Dedicoat  9 , Heinke Kunst  10
Affiliations
Review

Extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections: a guide for the general physician

Akanksha Mimi Malhotra et al. Clin Med (Lond). 2024 Jan.

Abstract

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections predominantly present as pulmonary disease. Although relatively rare, 20-30 % originate from extrapulmonary sites resulting in a wide range of clinical syndromes. Immunocompromised individuals are particularly susceptible. Clinical manifestations include skin and soft-tissue infections, lymphadenitis, musculoskeletal infections and disseminated disease. Diagnosing extrapulmonary NTM is challenging, and management is complex, often involving multiple radiological and microbiological investigations, long courses of combination antibiotic regimens and may require adjuvant surgical interventions. We highlight both the importance of involving NTM experts at an early stage and the role of a multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis and management of these infections.

Keywords: Disseminated; Extrapulmonary; Localised; Non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection.

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Figures

Fig 1
Fig. 1
Flow diagram of diagnostic strategy for extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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