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. 2024 Jul;85(1):190-195.
doi: 10.1007/s12020-024-03720-8. Epub 2024 Feb 15.

Effects of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes on cognitive functions

Gülin Alkan Şen  1   2 , Seher Tanrıkulu  3 , Birsu Beşer  4 , Şükriye Akçakalem  4 , Sibel Çakır  5 , Nevin Dinççağ  6
Affiliations

Effects of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes on cognitive functions

Gülin Alkan Şen et al. Endocrine. 2024 Jul.

Abstract

Introduction: We aimed to investigate the effect of glycemic impairment in prediabetes on cognitive impairment and the impact of glycemic control on cognitive function in patients with diabetes.

Materials and methods: This age- and sex-matched case-control study included a total of 80 individuals: 20 patients with prediabetes, 20 patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (HbA1C < %7.5), 20 patients with poorly controlled T2DM (HbA1C >% 7.5), and 20 healthy controls.

Results: The poorly controlled T2DM patients performed significantly worse than controls and patients with prediabetes in the verbal memory process test (p = 0.041). In Trail Making Test B, the well-controlled and poorly-controlled groups with diabetes performed significantly worse (p = 0.015) than patients with prediabetes and controls, and in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), all three patient groups performed significantly worse (p = 0.007) than controls.

Conclusion: T2DM causes early brain aging and declines cognitive functions since the prediabetic stage. Poor glycemic control in T2DM patients contributes to cognitive impairments, especially in learning.

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