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. 2024 Mar;14(3):69.
doi: 10.1007/s13205-024-03922-x. Epub 2024 Feb 13.

Alleviation of water-deficit stress in turmeric plant (Curcuma longa L.) using phosphate solubilizing rhizo-microbes inoculation

Daonapa Chungloo  1 , Rujira Tisarum  1 , Umpawa Pinruan  1 , Thanyaporn Sotesaritkul  1 , Kewalee Saimi  1 , Patchara Praseartkul  1 , Sushil Kumar Himanshu  2 , Avishek Datta  2 , Suriyan Cha-Um  1
Affiliations

Alleviation of water-deficit stress in turmeric plant (Curcuma longa L.) using phosphate solubilizing rhizo-microbes inoculation

Daonapa Chungloo et al. 3 Biotech. 2024 Mar.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of phosphate solubilizing rhizo-microbes inoculants on nutrient balance, physiological adaptation, growth characteristics, and rhizome yield traits as well as curcuminoids yield at the secondary-rhizome initiation stage of turmeric plants, subsequently subjected to water-deficit (WD) stress. Phosphorus contents in the leaf tissues of Talaromyces aff. macrosporus and Burkholderia sp. (Bruk) inoculated plants peaked at 0.33 and 0.29 mg g-1 DW, respectively, under well-watered (WW) conditions; however, phosphorus contents declined when subjected to WD conditions (p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, potassium and calcium contents reached their maximum values at 5.33 and 3.47 mg g-1 DW, respectively, in Burk inoculated plants under WW conditions, which contributed to sustained rhizome fresh weight even when exposed to WD conditions (p ≤ 0.05). There was an increase in free proline content in T. aff. macrosporus and Burk inoculated plants under WD conditions, which played a crucial role in controlling leaf osmotic potential, thereby stabilizing leaf greenness and maximum quantum yield of PSII. As indicators of drought stress, there were noticeable restrictions in stomatal gas exchange parameters, including net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, accompanied by an increase in leaf temperature. These changes resulted in reduced total soluble sugar levels. Interestingly, total curcuminoids and curcuminoids yield in Burk inoculated plants under WD conditions were retained, especially in relation to rhizome biomass. Burk inoculation in turmeric plants is recommended as a promising technique as it alleviates water-deficit stress, sustains rhizome biomass, and stabilizes curcuminoids yield.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03922-x.

Keywords: Burkholderia; Drought stress; Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria/rhizobacteria; Pseudomonas; Talaromyces aff. macrosporus; Total curcuminoids.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interestsThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Phosphorus content in leaf tissues of turmeric plants grown with phosphate solubilizing rhizo-microbes (PSR) and rock phosphate (RP) inoculation for 5 months, subsequently subjected to well-watered (WW) and water-deficit (WD) conditions under greenhouse for 45 days. Data are presented as means of five replications ± standard errors. Different letters in each bar represent significant difference based on Tukey’s honest significant difference test at p ≤ 0.05
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Morphological characteristics of turmeric plants grown with phosphate solubilizing rhizo-microbes (PSR) and rock phosphate (RP) inoculation for 5 months, subsequently subjected to well-watered (WW) and water-deficit (WD) conditions under greenhouse for 45 days
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Relationship between pseudostem fresh weight and rhizome fresh weight (a), rhizome fresh weight (b), relationship between pseudostem dry weight and rhizome dry weight (c), and rhizome dry weight (d) of turmeric plants grown with phosphate solubilizing rhizo-microbes (PSR) and rock phosphate (RP) inoculation for 5 months, subsequently subjected to well-watered (WW) and water-deficit (WD) conditions under greenhouse for 45 days. Data are presented as means of five replications ± standard errors. Different letters in each bar represent significant difference based on Tukey’s honest significant difference test at p ≤ 0.05
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Free proline content (a), relationship between free proline content and leaf osmotic potential (b), leaf osmotic potential (c), and leaf greenness (d) of turmeric plants grown with phosphate solubilizing rhizo-microbes (PSR) and rock phosphate (RP) inoculation for 5 months, subsequently subjected to well-watered (WW) and water-deficit (WD) conditions under greenhouse for 45 days. Data are presented as means of five replications ± standard errors. Different letters in each bar represent significant difference based on Tukey’s honest significant difference test at p ≤ 0.05
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Maximum quantum yield of PSII (a), net photosynthetic rate (b), relationship between net photosynthetic rate and total soluble sugar (c), total soluble sugar (d), stomatal conductance (d) and transpiration rate (e) of turmeric plants grown with phosphate solubilizing rhizo-microbes (PSR) and rock phosphate (RP) inoculation for 5 months, subsequently subjected to well-watered (WW) and water-deficit (WD) conditions under greenhouse for 45 days. Data are presented as means of five replications ± standard errors. Different letters in each bar represent significant difference based on Tukey’s honest significant difference test at p ≤ 0.05
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Leaf temperature a and crop water stress index b of turmeric plants grown with phosphate solubilizing rhizo-microbes (PSR) and rock phosphate (RP) inoculation for 5 months, subsequently subjected to well-watered (WW) and water-deficit (WD) conditions under greenhouse for 45 days. Data are presented as means of five replications ± standard errors. Different letters in each bar represent significant difference based on Tukey’s honest significant difference test at p ≤ 0.05
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Total curcuminoids a and curcuminoids yield b of turmeric plants grown with phosphate solubilizing rhizo-microbes (PSR) and rock phosphate (RP) inoculation for 5 months, subsequently subjected to well-watered (WW) and water-deficit (WD) conditions under greenhouse for 45 days. Data are presented as means of five replications ± standard errors. Different letters in each bar represent significant difference based on Tukey’s honest significant difference test at p ≤ 0.05
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