Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Feb 16;14(1):3929.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-53752-3.

Guiding role of esophageal variceal diameter in treatment of endoscopic ligation: an animal experimental study

Zhiqun Li  1   2 , Enqiang LingHu  3 , Weimin Li  4 , Licai Zhou  4
Affiliations

Guiding role of esophageal variceal diameter in treatment of endoscopic ligation: an animal experimental study

Zhiqun Li et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

In this study, according to the Location, Diameter, Risk factor (LDRf) classification principle, the influence and effect of esophageal varices diameter on the degree of complete ligation of multicyclic ligator were investigated. Methods. The esophageal veins of healthy piglets were filled with methylene blue solution, and the in vitro pig esophageal varices model was made, which were divided into three groups according to the diameter of esophageal varices: D1, 0.4-1.0 cm; D2, 1.1-1.5 cm; and D3, 1.6-2.0 cm. Finally, the ligation effect of each group was analyzed statistically. A total of 407 ligations were performed on the simulated esophageal variceal model. There were 103 ligations in the D1 group and 98 were complete (95.15%, 98/103); 151 ligations in the D2 group and 47 were complete (31.13%, 47/151); and 153 ligations in the D3 group but none were complete (0%, 0/153). There was significant difference in the degree of complete ligation between the two groups (χ2 = 38.0014, P ≤ 0.001). In the varicose ligation model, the complete ligation effect was the most complete and robust when the varicose diameter was 0.4-1.0 cm. This study showed that the varicose vein diameter in LDRf classification was reasonable and feasible to guide endoscopic varicose vein ligation.

Keywords: Esophageal varicose ligation; LDRf typing; Polycyclic loop ligator; Varicose vein.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Vein with diameter of 1.6 cm.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Vein with length of 4 cm.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Esophagus with length of 40 cm.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Submucosal tunnel.
Figure 5
Figure 5
In vitro measurment of the diameter of the esophageal varices.
Figure 6
Figure 6
In vitro ligation of the esophageal varices.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The effect of ligation pattern.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Tripathi D, Stanley AJ, Hayes PC, Patch D, Millson C, Mehrzad H, Austin A, Ferguson JW, Olliff SP, Hudson M, Christie JM. UK guidelines on the management of variceal haemorrhage in cirrhotic patients. Gut. 2015;64:1680–1704. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309262. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. de Franchis R. Expanding consensus in portal hypertension Report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: Stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension. J. Hepatol. 2015;63:743–752. - PubMed
    1. European Association for the Study of the Liver EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J. Hepatol. 2018;69(2):406–460. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Garcia-Tsao G, Abraldes JG, Berzigotti A, Bosch J. Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: Risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2017;65(1):310–335. doi: 10.1002/hep.28906. - DOI - PubMed
    1. de Franchis R. Revising consensus in portal hypertension: Report of the Baveno V consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension. J. Hepatol. 2010;53:762–768. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.06.004. - DOI - PubMed

MeSH terms