Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Jul 13;45(Suppl 2):3.
doi: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2023.45.2.38033. eCollection 2023.

Deployment of novel oral polio vaccine type 2 under emergency use listing in Nigeria: the rollout experience

Adeyelu Asekun  1 , Loveday Nkwogu  2 , Samuel Bawa  2 , Samuel Usman  3 , Aboyowa Edukugho  4 , James Ocheh  2 , Richard Banda  2 , Gatei Wa Nganda  1 , Peter Nsubuga  5 , Roodly Archer  1 , Tonia Nebechukwu  6 , Aminu Mohammed  7 , Faisal Shuaib  6 , Omotayo Bolu  1 , Usman Adamu  6
Affiliations
Review

Deployment of novel oral polio vaccine type 2 under emergency use listing in Nigeria: the rollout experience

Adeyelu Asekun et al. Pan Afr Med J. .

Abstract

In 2011, a dedicated consortium of experts commenced work on the development of the novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 (nOPV2). After careful and rigorous analysis of data to enable early, targeted use of the vaccine, World Health Organization´s (WHO´s) Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) reviewed data from accelerated clinical development of nOPV2 and endorsed entering assessment under WHO´s Emergency Use Listing (EUL) procedure. In November 2020, nOPV2 received an interim recommendation for use under EUL to enable rapid field availability and potential wider rollout of the vaccine. In December 2020, Nigeria initiated preparation to meet all criteria for initial use of nOPV2 in the country and the documentation process to verify meeting them. The process entailed addressing the status of meeting 25 readiness criteria in nine categories for nOPV2 use in Nigeria for response efforts to ongoing cVDPV2 outbreaks. During January-February 2021, Nigeria submitted the required documentation for all required indicators for nOPV2 initial use. In February 2021, the country obtained approval from the GPEI nOPV2 Readiness Verification Team to introduce nOPV2 and in March 2021, rolled out the novel vaccine in mass vaccination campaigns for outbreak response in Bayelsa, Delta, Niger, Sokoto and Zamfara states, and one area council in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). The lessons learned from this rollout experience in Nigeria are being applied as the country streamlines and strengthens the nOPV2 rollout process across the remaining states.

Keywords: Nigeria; Prevalence; antibodies; disease outbreaks; immunity; immunization; oral; polio virus vaccine; poliomyelitis; risk factors; serotype.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
states affected by circulating vaccine derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) outbreaks and the numbers confirmed as acute flaccid paralysis cases, isolates from environmental surveillance site-positive samples, and isolates from human contacts during January 24-December 31, 2021
Figure 2
Figure 2
map of Nigeria indicating the five states and an area council in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) that introduced novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) in March 2021
Figure 3
Figure 3
timeline for approval of novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) Use for response supplementary immunization activities to circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 outbreaks in Nigeria, November 2020-March 2021
Figure 4
Figure 4
lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) results of novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) campaigns conducted in Nigeria from January to December 2021
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Rotary World Polio Day cheers major achievements toward global polio eradication. 2019. Accessed Sep 8, 2021.
    1. World Health Organization Africa eradicates wild poliovirus. August 25 2020, Accessed Sep 8, 2021.
    1. Alonge O. What can over 30 years of efforts to eradicate polio teach us about global health. BMC Public Health. 2020 Aug 12;20(Suppl 2):1177. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Global Polio Eradication Initiative Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus. March 28 2021, Accessed Sep 8 2021.
    1. World Health Organization Weekly GPEI Polio Analyses. Accessed Sep 8 2022.

Substances