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. 2024 Feb 5:15:1339774.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1339774. eCollection 2024.

Depression, anxiety, lower sleep quality and social support in square cabin hospitals during Shanghai's COVID-19 lockdown, China

Li Quan #  1 , Shuyu Xu #  2 , Hao Xu #  3 , Feng Chen #  4 , Shengyong Wu  5 , Jiaqi Zhu  4 , Suxuan Liu  4 , Tong Su  2
Affiliations

Depression, anxiety, lower sleep quality and social support in square cabin hospitals during Shanghai's COVID-19 lockdown, China

Li Quan et al. Front Psychiatry. .

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate and compare the associated factors of depression, anxiety, and other psychological differences between patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 quarantined in square cabin hospitals (SCH) and isolation wards (IW) in China.

Methods: Cluster sampling method was performed during Shanghai's Two-Month Lockdown in 2022. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression subscale (HADS-D), 7-tiem Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) were used to investigate psychological differences.

Results: The HADS-D and GAD-7 scores of SCH patients were significantly higher than those in IW (p < 0.001; p = 0.0295). Sleep latency (SCH-IW = -3.76, p < 0.001), sleep duration (SCH-IW = -2.22, p < 0.05), habitual sleep efficiency (SCH-IW = -4.11, p < 0.001), sleep disturbance (SCH-IW = -3.59, p < 0.001) and use of sleep medication (SCH-IW = -5.18, p < 0.001) of SCH patients were significantly worse. Depression was the main emotional problem of quarantined patients. Patients in SCH had lower social support. Sleep disorders and the lowest oxygen saturation ≤ 93% were risk factors for depression, while social support and child status were protective factors. Myalgia and constipation were risk factors for anxiety, while marital status was the protective factor.

Conclusion: Patients quarantined in SCH had higher risks of depression and anxiety, lower sleep quality and social support. Somatic discomfort and sleep disorders exacerbated depression and anxiety, which could be ameliorated by social support and taken into consideration in future SCH construction.

Keywords: anxiety; depression; isolation wards; sleep; social support; square cabin hospitals.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The flow chart of research design.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Differences between patients quarantined in SCH and IW. (A) Gender of participants. (B) Age of participants. (C) Education level of participants. (D) Marital status of participants. (E) Child status of participants. (F) Family members infected situation of participants. BD, Bachelor Degree; MD, Master’s Degree; PhD, Doctor of Philosophy.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The detailed information of participants. (A) HADS-D score. (B) GAD-7 score. (C) PSQI total score. (D) PSSS family support score. (E) PSSS friend support score. (F) PSSS others support score. HADS-D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Depression score; GAD-7, 7-tiem Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSSS, Perceived Social Support Scale.
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