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Comparative Study
. 2024 Aug;131(9):1279-1289.
doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.17792. Epub 2024 Feb 20.

Pelvic floor dysfunction after intervention, compared with expectant management, in prolonged second stage of labour: A population-based questionnaire and cohort study

Sandra Bergendahl  1   2 , Anna Sandström  3   4 , Hongwei Zhao  5 , Jonathan M Snowden  6   7 , Sophia Brismar Wendel  1   8
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Pelvic floor dysfunction after intervention, compared with expectant management, in prolonged second stage of labour: A population-based questionnaire and cohort study

Sandra Bergendahl et al. BJOG. 2024 Aug.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the effect of vacuum extraction (VE) or caesarean section (CS), compared with expectant management, on pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) 1-2 years postpartum in primiparous women with a prolonged second stage of labour.

Design: A population-based questionnaire and cohort study.

Setting: Stockholm, Sweden.

Population: A cohort of 1302 primiparous women with a second stage duration of ≥3 h, delivering from December 2017 to November 2018.

Methods: The 1-year follow-up questionnaire from the Swedish National Perineal Laceration Register was distributed 12-24 months postpartum. Exposure was VE or CS at 3-4 h or 4-5 h, compared with expectant management.

Main outcome measures: Pelvic floor dysfunction was defined as at least weekly symptoms of urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse or a Wexner score of ≥4. The risk of PFD was calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance estimation, presented as crude and adjusted relative risks (RRs and aRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). The implication of obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) on pelvic floor disorders was investigated through mediation analysis.

Results: In total, 35.1% of women reported PFD. Compared with expectant management, the risk of PFD was increased after VE at 3-4 h (aRR 1.33, 95% CI 1.06-1.65) and 4-5 h (aRR 1.34, 95% CI 1.05-1.70), but remained unchanged after CS. The increased risk after VE was not mediated by OASI.

Conclusions: Pelvic floor dysfunction was common in primiparous women after a prolonged second stage, and the risk of PFD increased after VE but was unaffected by CS, compared with expectant management. If a spontaneous vaginal delivery eventually occurred, allowing an extended duration of labour did not increase the risk of PFD.

Keywords: Wexner score; pelvic floor dysfunction; pelvic organ prolapse; prolonged second stage of labour; urinary incontinence.

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References

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