Wiring the Brain for Wellness: Sensory Integration in Feeding and Thermogenesis: A Report on Research Supported by Pathway to Stop Diabetes

Abstract

The recognition of sensory signals from within the body (interoceptive) and from the external environment (exteroceptive), along with the integration of these cues by the central nervous system, plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic balance. This orchestration is vital for regulating processes related to both food intake and energy expenditure. Animal model studies indicate that manipulating specific populations of neurons in the central nervous system which influence these processes can effectively modify energy balance. This body of work presents an opportunity for the development of innovative weight loss therapies for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this overview, we delve into the sensory cues and the neuronal populations responsible for their integration, exploring their potential in the development of weight loss treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes. This article is the first in a series of Perspectives that report on research funded by the American Diabetes Association Pathway to Stop Diabetes program.

Figure 1

Sensory cue detection by hypothalamic nuclei regulating energy homeostasis. The cartoon depicts the integration of food signals (green), temperature stimuli (blue), and threat perception (gray) by hypothalamic nuclei, where neuronal activity is associated with changes in feeding and/or energy expenditure processes. Figure created with BioRender.com.