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Case Reports
. 2024 Feb 20;17(2):e259295.
doi: 10.1136/bcr-2023-259295.

Disseminated tuberculosis in a migrant child

Victorine Boccard  1 , Fany Corvol  1 , Blandine Prévost  1 , Harriet Corvol  2
Affiliations
Case Reports

Disseminated tuberculosis in a migrant child

Victorine Boccard et al. BMJ Case Rep. .

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) poses a major global health threat, substantially affecting children, who contribute notably to new cases and deaths. Diagnosing TB in kids is challenging due to collection issues and the paucibacillary nature of the disease. Disseminated TB, uncommon in children in low TB incidence countries, remains a significant cause of morbidity in migrant populations. We illustrate a rare case of disseminated TB in a middle-childhood boy who migrated from Angola to France, displaying chronic cough, fatigue, weight loss and persistent fever. Investigations revealed widespread TB affecting several organs (lungs, heart, bones and lymph nodes). Prompt diagnosis led to a treatment regimen of four antibiotics (isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol) and corticosteroids, resulting in substantial improvement after 2 months. Subsequent treatment involved two antibiotics (isoniazid and rifampin) for 10 more months. This case underscores the criticality of early identification and comprehensive treatment for disseminated TB, ensuring improved outcomes and reduced risks.

Keywords: Paediatrics; TB and other respiratory infections.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

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