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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Feb 7:15:1328212.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1328212. eCollection 2024.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of proteomic and metabolomic alterations in anaphylaxis reactions

Adrienne Astrid Gallizzi  1 , Almut Heinken  1 , Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez  1   2 , Jean-Louis Guéant #  1   2 , Ramia Safar #  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

A systematic review and meta-analysis of proteomic and metabolomic alterations in anaphylaxis reactions

Adrienne Astrid Gallizzi et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Background: Anaphylaxis manifests as a severe immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction initiated through the immunological activation of target B-cells by allergens, leading to the release of mediators. However, the well-known underlying pathological mechanisms do not fully explain the whole variety of clinical and immunological presentations. We performed a systemic review of proteomic and metabolomic studies and analyzed the extracted data to improve our understanding and identify potential new biomarkers of anaphylaxis.

Methods: Proteomic and metabolomic studies in both human subjects and experimental models were extracted and selected through a systematic search conducted on databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, up to May 2023.

Results: Of 137 retrieved publications, we considered 12 for further analysis, including seven on proteome analysis and five on metabolome analysis. A meta-analysis of the four human studies identified 118 proteins with varying expression levels in at least two studies. Beside established pathways of mast cells and basophil activation, functional analysis of proteomic data revealed a significant enrichment of biological processes related to neutrophil activation and platelet degranulation and metabolic pathways of arachidonic acid and icosatetraenoic acid. The pathway analysis highlighted also the involvement of neutrophil degranulation, and platelet activation. Metabolome analysis across different models showed 13 common metabolites, including arachidonic acid, tryptophan and lysoPC(18:0) lysophosphatidylcholines.

Conclusion: Our review highlights the underestimated role of neutrophils and platelets in the pathological mechanisms of anaphylactic reactions. These findings, derived from a limited number of publications, necessitate confirmation through human studies with larger sample sizes and could contribute to the development of new biomarkers for anaphylaxis.

Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024506246.

Keywords: anaphylaxis; arachidonic acid; icosatetraenoic acid; metabolome; neutrophil; omics studies; platelets; proteome.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flow diagram of the selection process for eligible articles in the systematic review.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A Venn diagram is used to represent the number of common proteins with differential expression levels, revealing that 118 proteins were found in at least two human studies.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Functional enrichment analysis, using Flame database, of the 118 common proteins identified in this systematic review with an integrated network of the top ten enriched biological processes terms (P-value < 0.05). Orange = GO_BP, Grey = overlapping proteins within the GO term.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Functional enrichment analysis, using Flame database, of the 118 common proteins identified in this systematic review with an integrated network of the top ten enriched molecular function terms (P-value < 0.05). Red = GO_MF, Grey = overlapping proteins within the GO term.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Pathway analysis of the 118 common proteins identified in this systematic review with the top 20 pathways (P-value < 0.05, KEGG in pink and REACTOME in blue).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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