Influence of incorporation of nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles on roughness, microhardness, and color change of pit and fissure sealants

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the roughness, hardness, and color change of pit and fissure sealants of two commercial brands (Fluroshield ™ and Ultraseal XT ™) incorporated with nanostructured silver vanadate nanomaterial decorated with silver nanoparticles (β-AgVO₃) in concentrations (0% - control, 2.5% and 5%).

Material and methods: Two commercial brands Fluroshield TM and Ultraseal XT ™ were used to make the samples with dimensions of 6 × 6 × 4 mm. The control group was made according to the manufacturer's instructions and in the groups with the addition of β-AgVO₃, the nanomaterial was added proportionally by mass at percentages of 2.5% and 5%. Roughness properties were evaluated using a 3D Laser Confocal Microscope (n = 10), Knoop microhardness by Microdurometer (n = 10), and color change by Portable Color Spectrophotometer on the CIEDE2000 system (n = 10). Data were evaluated by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustment and Tukey's mean comparison test at a 5% significance level.

Results: Ultraseal XT ™ sealant roughness showed a significant difference between concentrations with the highest mean for the 5% group (P = 0.010). Regarding the hardness, both sealants showed no significant difference between the groups. Fluroshield ™ sealant showed a significant difference in ΔE00 between the control-2.5% 24.93 (3.49) and control-5% 28.41 (2.58).

Conclusion: It may be concluded that the incorporation of β-AgVO₃ influenced the increase in roughness for Ultraseal XT ™ pit and fissure sealant, did not interfere with the microhardness of both sealants, and promoted a change in the color of Fluroshield ™ sealant within clinically acceptable limits.

Keywords: Color change; Hardness; Pit and fissure sealants; Silver vanadate; Surface roughness.

Fig. 1

Image of the samples of Ultraseal XT ™ and Fluroshield ™ sealant at 5%, 2.5%, and control concentrations, taken by a camera. Legend: A Control group Ultraseal XT ™; B- 2.5% de β-AgVO₃ Ultraseal XT ™; C- 5% β-AgVO₃ Ultraseal XT ™; D- Control group Fluroshield ™, E- 2.5% β-AgVO₃ Fluroshield ™; F- 5% β-AgVO₃ Fluroshield ™.

Fig. 2

Laser confocal microscope of the Fluroshield ™ control.

Fig. 3

Laser confocal microscope of the Fluroshield ™ 2.5% of β-AgVO₃.

Fig. 4

Laser confocal microscope of the Fluroshield ™ 5% of β-AgVO₃.

Fig. 5

Laser confocal microscope of the Ultraseal XT ™ control.

Fig. 6

Laser confocal microscope of the Ultraseal XT ™ 2.5% of β-AgVO₃.

Fig. 7

Laser confocal microscope of the Ultraseal XT ™ 5% of β-AgVO₃.

Graph 1

Graph with mean and standard deviation (SD) of roughness for the different sealants and concentrations. Legend: One-way ANOVA, Tukey test (P > 0.05). Different capital letters indicate statistical differences for Ultraseal ™. Different lowercase letters indicate statistical differences for Fluroshield ™. * Indicates difference between brands.

Graph 2

Graph of the mean and standard deviation (SD) of microhardness for the different sealants and concentrations. Legend: One-way ANOVA, Tukey test (P > 0,05). Different letters indicate statistical differences between the brands.