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. 2024 Jun 14;229(6):1781-1785.
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiae013.

Magnitude of Type I Interferon Responses by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells After TLR7 Stimulation Is Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Reservoir Sizes in Cisgender Women With HIV-1 on Antiretroviral Therapy

Rebecca-Jo Thiele  1 , Benjamin Grünhagel  1 , Maximilian Muenchhoff  2   3 , Maria Pujantell-Graell  1 , Linda Jocham  2   3 , Arne Düsedau  1 , Jana Hennesen  1 , Heike Hildebrandt  1 , Sven Hendrik Hagen  1 , Deborah Sandfort  1 , Madeleine J Bunders  1   4 , Oliver T Keppler  2   3 , Christian Hoffmann  5 , Marcus Altfeld  1   3
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Magnitude of Type I Interferon Responses by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells After TLR7 Stimulation Is Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Reservoir Sizes in Cisgender Women With HIV-1 on Antiretroviral Therapy

Rebecca-Jo Thiele et al. J Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease manifestations differ between cisgender women and men, including better control of viral replication during primary infection and less frequent residual HIV-1 replication on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in cisgender women with HIV-1 (WWH). Investigating plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) functions and HIV-1 reservoir sizes in 20 WWH on stable ART, we observed inverse correlations between interferon-α and tumor necrosis factor responses of pDCs to Toll-like receptor 7/8 stimulation and intact/total proviral HIV-1 DNA levels. Additionally, ISG15 mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlated with cytokine responses of pDCs. These findings demonstrate an association between higher type I interferon responses and lower HIV-1 reservoir sizes in WWH on ART, warranting studies to identify the underlying mechanisms.

Keywords: HIV reservoir; HIV-1; dendritic cells; innate immunity; interferon.

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Conflict of interest statement

Potential conflicts of interest. S. H. H. is an employee at AdaptVac since August 2021, a company commercializing virus-like particle display technology and vaccines. All other authors report no potential conflicts of interest. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.