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. 2024 Feb 22;24(1):243.
doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-09079-5.

Global prevalence and burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis from 1990 to 2019

Hengliang Lv #  1   2 , Xin Zhang #  1   2 , Xueli Zhang #  3 , Junzhu Bai  1   2 , Shumeng You  1   2 , Xuan Li  1   4 , Shenlong Li  2 , Yong Wang  1   2   4 , Wenyi Zhang  5   6   7 , Yuanyong Xu  8   9
Affiliations

Global prevalence and burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis from 1990 to 2019

Hengliang Lv et al. BMC Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis(TB) remains a pressing public health challenge, with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) emerging as a major threat. And healthcare authorities require reliable epidemiological evidence as a crucial reference to address this issue effectively. The aim was to offer a comprehensive epidemiological assessment of the global prevalence and burden of MDR-TB from 1990 to 2019.

Methods: Estimates and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate (ASR of DALYs), and age-standardized death rate (ASDR) of MDR-TB were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database. The prevalence and burden of MDR-TB in 2019 were illustrated in the population and regional distribution. Temporal trends were analyzed by using Joinpoint regression analysis to calculate the annual percentage change (APC), average annual percentage change (AAPC) and its 95% confidence interval(CI).

Results: The estimates of the number of cases were 687,839(95% UIs: 365,512 to 1223,262), the ASPR were 8.26 per 100,000 (95%UIs: 4.61 to 15.20), the ASR of DALYs were 52.38 per 100,000 (95%UIs: 22.64 to 97.60) and the ASDR were 1.36 per 100,000 (95%UIs: 0.54 to 2.59) of MDR-TB at global in 2019. Substantial burden was observed in Africa and Southeast Asia. Males exhibited higher ASPR, ASR of DALYs, and ASDR than females across most age groups, with the burden of MDR-TB increasing with age. Additionally, significant increases were observed globally in the ASIR (AAPC = 5.8; 95%CI: 5.4 to 6.1; P < 0.001), ASPR (AAPC = 5.9; 95%CI: 5.4 to 6.4; P < 0.001), ASR of DALYs (AAPC = 4.6; 95%CI: 4.2 to 5.0; P < 0.001) and ASDR (AAPC = 4.4; 95%CI: 4.0 to 4.8; P < 0.001) of MDR-TB from 1990 to 2019.

Conclusions: This study underscored the persistent threat of drug-resistant tuberculosis to public health. It is imperative that countries and organizations worldwide take immediate and concerted action to implement measures aimed at significantly reducing the burden of TB.

Keywords: Disability-adjusted life years; Global; Joinpoint regression; Multidrug resistant tuberculosis; Prevalence.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Age and sex distribution of ASPR (a), ASR of DALYs (b) and ASDR of MDR-TB (c) of MDR-TB at global in 2019. ASPR:age-standardized prevalence rate; ASR of DALYs: age-standardized of Disability-adjusted life years rate; ASDR:age-standardised death rate
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Number of case (a), ASPR (b), ASR of DALYs (c) and ASDR (d) of MDR-TB of MDR-TB by country in 2019. ASPR:age-standardized prevalence rate; ASR of DALYs: age-standardized of Disability-adjusted life years rate; ASDR:age-standardised death rate
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Joinpoint regression analysis of ASIR (a), ASPR (b), ASR of DALYs (c) and ASDR (d) of MDR-TB at the global from 1990 to 2019. ASIR:age-standardized incidence rate; ASPR:age-standardized prevalence rate; ASR of DALYs: age-standardized of Disability-adjusted life years rate; ASDR:age-standardised death rate
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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