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. 2024 Feb 22;14(1):4377.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54972-3.

Survival outcome and prognostic factors for early-onset and late-onset metastatic colorectal cancer: a population based study from SEER database

Bingyi Ren #  1   2 , Yichen Yang #  1   2 , Yi Lv  1   2 , Kang Liu  3   4
Affiliations

Survival outcome and prognostic factors for early-onset and late-onset metastatic colorectal cancer: a population based study from SEER database

Bingyi Ren et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and there has been a concerning increase in the incidence rate of colorectal cancer among individuals under the age of 50. This study compared the survival outcome between early-onset and late-onset metastatic colorectal cancer to find the differences and identify their prognostic factors. We obtained patient data from SEER database. Survival outcome was estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and compared using the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted utilizing COX models to identify their independent prognostic factors. A total of 10,036 early-onset metastatic colorectal (EOCRC) cancer patients and 56,225 late-onset metastatic colorectal cancer (LOCRC) patients between 2010 and 2019 were included in this study. EOCRC has more survival benefits than LOCRC. Tumor primary location (p < 0.001), the location of metastasis (p < 0.001) and treatment modalities (p < 0.001) affect the survival outcomes between these two groups of patients. Female patients had better survival outcomes in EOCRC group (p < 0.001), but no difference was found in LOCRC group (p = 0.57). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that EOCRC patients have longer survival time than LOCRC patients. The sex differences in survival of metastatic colorectal cancer patients are associated with patients' age. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the differences between metastatic EOCRC and LOCRC, and can help inform the development of more precise treatment guidelines to improve prognosis.

Keywords: Early-onset colorectal cancer; Metastatic cancer; Survival.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart illustrating patients selection.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Kaplan–Meier-curves for overall survival in EOCRC patients and LOCRC patients. Life tables for patients at risk are given below the plot.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot of multivariate Cox regression analysis for OS in early-onset colorectal cancer chemotherapy (EOCRC) and late-onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Kaplan–Meier-curves for overall survival in EOCRC and LOCRC patients with different metastasis sites. Life tables for patients at risk are given below each plot. (A) Liver metastases. (B) Lung metastases. (C) Bone metastases. (D) Brain metastases.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Kaplan–Meier-curves for overall survival in EOCRC and LOCRC patients with different tumor primary sites. Life tables for patients at risk are given below each plot. (A) Right-sided. (B) Left-sided. (C) Rectum.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Kaplan–Meier-curves for overall survival in EOCRC and LOCRC patients with different treatment modalities. Life tables for patients at risk are given below each plot. (A) Surgery. (B) Chemotherapy. (C) Radiation.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Kaplan–Meier-curves for overall survival in male and female patients with different age. Life tables for patients at risk are given below each plot. (A) EOCRC patients. (B) LOCRC patients.
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