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Review
. 2022 Mar 30;10(1):e098.
doi: 10.21142/2523-2754-1001-2022-098. eCollection 2022 Jan-Mar.

[Diagnostic and treatment alternatives for the correction of facial asymmetries: a literature review]

[Article in Spanish]
Affiliations
Review

[Diagnostic and treatment alternatives for the correction of facial asymmetries: a literature review]

[Article in Spanish]
Braulio Rafael Rojas Reyna et al. Rev Cient Odontol (Lima). .

Abstract

Facial symmetry refers to a complete coincidence of each facial component on the sagittal plane, while asymmetry refers to the bilateral difference between these components. The presence of perfect bilateral symmetry is almost never present in human, so it is more common for individuals to predominate facial asymmetry. However, this condition can result from functional and esthetic problems. This research seeks to determine the alternatives, diagnosis and ideal treatment plan for the correction of each type of facial asymmetry through orthognathic surgery. For this purpose, a review of articles published between 2015 to date was carried out. Selecting those that were focused on describing or evaluating facial and dentofacial symmetry and asymmetry, type of diagnosis or treatment plan, including clinical cases. The Google search engine, SciELO and databases of medical interest, such as PubMed, PMC and Medigraphic were used. According to the research and treatments carried out during the last few years in the dental clinic, it has been proven that orthognathic treatment accompanied by previous planning is the best option for the management of skeletal facial asymmetries.

La simetría facial hace referencia a una coincidencia completa de cada componente facial sobre el plano sagital, mientras que la asimetría se refiere a la diferencia bilateral entre dichos componentes. La presencia de una simetría bilateral perfecta casi nunca se presenta en el cuerpo humano, es decir, no se encuentra con facilidad, por lo que es más común que en los individuos predomine la asimetría facial. Sin embargo, este padecimiento puede derivarse de problemas funcionales y estéticos. Mediante esta investigación, se busca determinar las alternativas, el diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento ideal para la corrección de cada tipo de asimetría facial de la mano de la cirugía ortognática. Para ello, se realizó la revisión de artículos publicados desde el 2015 hasta la fecha. Se seleccionó aquellos que estuvieran enfocados en describir o evaluar la simetría y asimetría tanto facial como dentofacial, el tipo de diagnóstico o el plan de tratamiento, incluyendo casos clínicos. Se utilizó el buscador de Google, SciELO y bases de datos de interés médico, como PubMed, PMC y Medigraphic. De acuerdo con las investigaciones y tratamientos realizados durante los últimos años dentro de la clínica dental, queda comprobado que el tratamiento ortognático, acompañado de una planificación previa, es la mejor opción para el manejo de las asimetrías faciales esqueletales.

Keywords: computed tomography; dentofacial deformity; facial asymmetry; orthognathic surgery.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflictos de intereses: Los autores declaran que no existe ningún conflicto de intereses

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