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. 2022 Mar 30;10(1):e094.
doi: 10.21142/2523-2754-1001-2022-094. eCollection 2022 Jan-Mar.

Prevalence of gingivitis and risk factors among pregnant women from Acapulco, Guerrero: a cross-sectional study

Lisa Madison Gallardo Chávez  1 , Jordy Mizrraim Rodríguez Díaz  1 , Carlos Alberto Juárez Medel  2 , Janitzie Hernández Clemente  3 , Arnold Uriel Herrera Santos  4
Affiliations

Prevalence of gingivitis and risk factors among pregnant women from Acapulco, Guerrero: a cross-sectional study

Lisa Madison Gallardo Chávez et al. Rev Cient Odontol (Lima). .

Abstract
in English, Spanish

Introduction: Gingivitis is a condition that has been associated with an exaggerated inflammatory response of the gums to oral biofilm, attributed to the secretion of hormones during pregnancy.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of gingivitis and identify associated risk factors among pregnant women in a private medical clinic from Acapulco, Guerrero.

Material and methods: Cross-sectional study in a convenience sample of 92 pregnant women, during the period from January to March 2020. A self-administered questionnaire collected sociodemographic data, economic income, oral hygiene habits and personal pathological history. The periodontium was evaluated based on the new classification of gingival health and gingivitis induced by oral biofilm on six representative teeth. Multivariate analysis identified factors associated with gingivitis using the odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval as an estimate of the strength of association with CIETmap statistical software.

Results: The prevalence of gingivitis was 60% (55/92). Two factors remained in the final model of the multivariate analysis. The main associated strength was found in the variable of not using oral hygiene aids (ORa= 6.76; CI 95%= 2.01-22.78). The other variable was not attending dental visits (ORa= 3.74; CI 95%= 1.44-9.73).

Conclusion: Gingivitis affected about six out of ten pregnant women. Knowing the risk factors, it will be important to reinforce health education strategies and the importance of clinical monitoring during pregnancy.

Introducción: La gingivitis es una afección que se asocia a una respuesta inflamatoria exagerada de las encías al biofilm oral, por la secreación de hormonas durante el embarazo.Objetivos: Estimar la prevalencia de gingivitis e identificar factores de riesgo asociados en gestantes de una clínica médica privada de Acapulco, Guerrero.

Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal en una muestra por conveniencia de 92 gestantes, durante el periodo de enero a marzo del 2020. Un cuestionario autoadministrado recolectó datos sociodemográficos, ingreso económico, hábitos de higiene oral y antecedentes personales patológicos. Se evaluó el periodonto con base en la nueva clasificación de salud gingival y gingivitis inducida por biofilm sobre seis dientes representativos. El análisis multivariado identificó factores asociados a gingivitis utilizando la razón de momios y su intervalo de confianza del 95% como estimación de la fuerza de asociación con el software estadístico CIETmap.

Resultados: La prevalencia de gingivitis fue del 60% (55/92). Dos factores se mantuvieron en el modelo final del análisis multivariado. La mayor fuerza de asociación fue en la variable de no usar auxiliares de higiene oral (ORa = 6.76; IC 95% = 2.01-22.78). La otra variable fue el no acudir a visita odontológica (ORa = 3.74; IC 95% = 1.44-9.73).

Conclusión: La gingivitis afecta a seis de cada diez mujeres embarazadas. Al ser conocidos los factores de riesgo, será importante reforzar las estrategias educativas sobre el ciudado de la salud y la importancia del control clínico durante el embarazo.

Keywords: gingivitis; pregnancy; pregnant women.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of conflict of interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest of any kind

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