A Decrease in Branched-Chain Amino Acids after a Competitive Male Professional Volleyball Game-A Metabolomic-Based Approach

Abstract

A competitive volleyball game is a highly metabolic and physically demanding event for professional players. This study aimed to investigate whether a single game at the end of a preseason promotes changes in the biochemical markers of physical exercise responses and the metabolomic profile of professional volleyball players. This cross-sectional study included 13 male Brazilian professional volleyball players. Food intake, body composition, heart rate, physical movement variables, and blood biochemical indicators were evaluated. For non-target metabolomic analysis, serum samples were subjected to 500 MHz Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Data analysis showed no significant difference in the biochemical indicators after the game (p > 0.05). The level of metabolites present in the groups of the main components (β-hydroxybutyrate, arginine/lysine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine) had decreased after the game. However, formic acid and histidine levels increased. Among the compounds not part of the main components, hypoxanthine and tyrosine increased, whereas low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein levels decreased. After the game, the metabolomic profiles of players showed significant negative variations in essential amino acids (leucine, valine, and isoleucine). These decreases might be influenced by athlete diet and reduced glycogen storage due to lower carbohydrate intake, potentially impacting serum-essential amino acid levels via oxidation in skeletal muscle. The study provides insights for developing metabolic compensation strategies in athletes.

Keywords: biomarkers; exercise; metabolomics; nuclear magnetic resonance; recovery.

Figure 1

Study design.

Figure 2

Principal component analysis (PCA) of the behavior of the main components and the difference in the pre-and post-game moments. (a) Changes in the metabolite profiles of athletes; (b) the main components (PC) 1, 2, and 3 and variation in the metabolite profiles between the selected moments before (Time 0: red) and after the game (Time 1: green).

Figure 3

Empirical Bayes Analysis of a Microarray (EBAM) of the variation of the metabolites found in the study. False discovery rate (FDR). aO = 90th percentile.