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Review
. 2024 Jan 28;22(2):70.
doi: 10.3390/md22020070.

Cytotoxic Compounds from Marine Fungi: Sources, Structures, and Bioactivity

Affiliations
Review

Cytotoxic Compounds from Marine Fungi: Sources, Structures, and Bioactivity

Yukang Gao et al. Mar Drugs. .

Abstract

Marine fungi, such as species from the Penicillium and Aspergillus genera, are prolific producers of a diversity of natural products with cytotoxic properties. These fungi have been successfully isolated and identified from various marine sources, including sponges, coral, algae, mangroves, sediment, and seawater. The cytotoxic compounds derived from marine fungi can be categorized into five distinct classes: polyketides, peptides, terpenoids and sterols, hybrids, and other miscellaneous compounds. Notably, the pre-eminent group among these compounds comprises polyketides, accounting for 307 out of 642 identified compounds. Particularly, within this collection, 23 out of the 642 compounds exhibit remarkable cytotoxic potency, with IC50 values measured at the nanomolar (nM) or nanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) levels. This review elucidates the originating fungal strains, the sources of isolation, chemical structures, and the noteworthy antitumor activity of the 642 novel natural products isolated from marine fungi. The scope of this review encompasses the period from 1991 to 2023.

Keywords: antitumor activity; chemical structures; marine fungi; marine natural products.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structures of compounds 129.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Structures of compounds 3059.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Structures of compounds 6088.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Structures of compounds 89105.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Structures of compounds 106135.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Structures of compounds 136165.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Structures of compounds 166193.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Structures of compounds 194226.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Structures of compounds 227246.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Structures of compounds 247276.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Structures of compounds 277292.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Structures of compounds 293307.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Structures of compounds 308353.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Structures of compounds 354377.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Structures of compounds 378402.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Structures of compounds 403437.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Structures of compounds 438456.
Figure 18
Figure 18
Structures of compounds 457475.
Figure 19
Figure 19
Structures of compounds 476498.
Figure 20
Figure 20
Structures of compounds 499518.
Figure 21
Figure 21
Structures of compounds 519540.
Figure 22
Figure 22
Structures of compounds 541575.
Figure 23
Figure 23
Structures of compounds 576600.
Figure 24
Figure 24
Structures of compounds 601618.
Figure 25
Figure 25
Structures of compounds 619626.
Figure 26
Figure 26
Structures of compounds 627642.
Figure 27
Figure 27
Numbers of antitumor compounds isolated from marine fungi each year (1991–2023).
Figure 28
Figure 28
Journals that reported antitumor compounds and numbers of papers published (1991–2023).
Figure 29
Figure 29
Structural classes of antitumor compounds from marine fungi (1991–2023).

References

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