Phenotypic Investigation of Florfenicol Resistance and Molecular Detection of flo R Gene in Canine and Feline MDR Enterobacterales

Abstract

Florfenicol is a promising antibiotic for use in companion animals, especially as an alternative agent for infections caused by MDR bacteria. However, the emergence of resistant strains could hinder this potential. In this study, florfenicol resistance was investigated in a total of 246 MDR Enterobacterales obtained from canine and feline clinical samples in Greece over a two-year period (October 2020 to December 2022); a total of 44 (17,9%) florfenicol-resistant strains were recognized and further investigated. Most of these isolates originated from urine (41.9%) and soft tissue (37.2%) samples; E. coli (n = 14) and Enterobacter cloacae (n = 12) were the predominant species. The strains were examined for the presence of specific florfenicol-related resistance genes floR and cfr. In the majority of the isolates (31/44, 70.5%), the floR gene was detected, whereas none carried cfr. This finding creates concerns of co-acquisition of plasmid-mediated florfenicol-specific ARGs through horizontal transfer, along with several other resistance genes. The florfenicol resistance rates in MDR isolates seem relatively low but considerable for a second-line antibiotic; thus, in order to evaluate the potential of florfenicol to constitute an alternative antibiotic in companion animals, continuous monitoring of antibiotic resistance profiles is needed in order to investigate the distribution of florfenicol resistance under pressure of administration of commonly used agents.

Keywords: Enterobacterales; MDR; canine; cfr; clinical samples; companion animals; feline; floR; florfenicol; resistance.

Figure 1

PCR gel electrophoresis images: (a) product of approximately 400bp size detected in isolates FC1, FC2, FC3, FC4, FC6, and FC9, indicative of the presence of floR; (b) product at 580 bp not detected, indicating the absence of cfr in isolates FC1 to FC12.