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Review
. 2024 Feb 12;16(4):754.
doi: 10.3390/cancers16040754.

The Contemporary Role of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Management of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Is It the Same in All Settings?

Affiliations
Review

The Contemporary Role of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Management of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Is It the Same in All Settings?

Ibrahim Elmakaty et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients has transitioned from the standard of care to a treatment option limited to those with unsatisfactory tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) responses and advanced disease stages. In recent years, the threshold for undergoing HSCT has increased. Most CML patients now have life expectancies comparable to the general population, and therefore, the goal of therapy is shifting toward achieving treatment-free remission (TFR). While TKI discontinuation trials in CML show potential for achieving TFR, relapse risk is high, affirming allogeneic HSCT as the sole curative treatment. HSCT should be incorporated into treatment algorithms from the time of diagnosis and, in some patients, evaluated as soon as possible. In this review, we will look at some of the recent advances in HSCT, as well as its indication in the era of aiming for TFR in the presence of TKIs in CML.

Keywords: BCR–ABL1 gene fusion; chronic myeloid leukemia; hematopoietic stem cell transplant; survival; treatment-free remission; tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interest or personal relationship that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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