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Review
. 2024 Feb 15;16(2):273.
doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020273.

Harnessing the Potential of PLGA Nanoparticles for Enhanced Bone Regeneration

Mozan Hassan  1 , Hiba Atiyah Abdelnabi  1 , Sahar Mohsin  1
Affiliations
Review

Harnessing the Potential of PLGA Nanoparticles for Enhanced Bone Regeneration

Mozan Hassan et al. Pharmaceutics. .

Abstract

Recently, nanotechnologies have become increasingly prominent in the field of bone tissue engineering (BTE), offering substantial potential to advance the field forward. These advancements manifest in two primary ways: the localized application of nanoengineered materials to enhance bone regeneration and their use as nanovehicles for delivering bioactive compounds. Despite significant progress in the development of bone substitutes over the past few decades, it is worth noting that the quest to identify the optimal biomaterial for bone regeneration remains a subject of intense debate. Ever since its initial discovery, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has found widespread use in BTE due to its favorable biocompatibility and customizable biodegradability. This review provides an overview of contemporary advancements in the development of bone regeneration materials using PLGA polymers. The review covers some of the properties of PLGA, with a special focus on modifications of these properties towards bone regeneration. Furthermore, we delve into the techniques for synthesizing PLGA nanoparticles (NPs), the diverse forms in which these NPs can be fabricated, and the bioactive molecules that exhibit therapeutic potential for promoting bone regeneration. Additionally, we addressed some of the current concerns regarding the safety of PLGA NPs and PLGA-based products available on the market. Finally, we briefly discussed some of the current challenges and proposed some strategies to functionally enhance the fabrication of PLGA NPs towards BTE. We envisage that the utilization of PLGA NP holds significant potential as a potent tool in advancing therapies for intractable bone diseases.

Keywords: PLGA; bioactive molecules; biocompatibility; biodegradability; biomaterial; bone regeneration; drug delivery; nanoparticles.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PLGA chemical structure.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Biodegradation stages of the PLGA polymer.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Factors that affect drug release from PLGA nanoparticles.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Surface modifications on PLGA NPs to enhance bone regeneration.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Different techniques for PLGA nanostructure preparation.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Different types of scaffolds according to preparation techniques: (a) electrospinning scaffolds, (b) 3D-printed scaffolds, and (c) irregular scaffolds.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Bioactivated PLGA for enhanced bone regeneration.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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