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. 2024 Feb 19;12(2):419.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12020419.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Probiotics Mix Supplementation in a Broiler Leaky Gut Model

Darwin Horyanto  1   2 , Yadav S Bajagai  1 , Advait Kayal  1 , Juhani von Hellens  2 , Xiaojing Chen  2 , Thi Thu Hao Van  3 , Anita Radovanović  4 , Dragana Stanley  1
Affiliations

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Probiotics Mix Supplementation in a Broiler Leaky Gut Model

Darwin Horyanto et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

The supplementation of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) has been banned in many countries because of the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in poultry products and the environment. Probiotics have been broadly studied and demonstrated as a promising AGP substitute. Our study is centred on the effects of a multi-strain Bacillus-based probiotic product on broiler production performance and gut microbial profile in a dexamethasone-induced leaky gut challenge. Two hundred and fifty-six broiler chicks were hatched and randomly assigned into four groups (wheat-soybean meal basal diet (BD) = non-supplemented control (C), BD supplemented with dexamethasone in week 4 (CD), BD containing a probiotic from day one (P), and BD containing a probiotic from day one and supplemented with dexamethasone during challenge week 4 (PD)). The production performance and caecal, gizzard, jejunal lumen and jejunal mucosa swab microbiota were studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The Bacillus probiotic product significantly improved production performance and altered caecal gut microbiota (p ≤ 0.05), but no significant impact on microbiota was observed in other gut sections.

Keywords: Bacillus; broilers; colonisation; dexamethasone; gut microbiota; probiotics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. D.H., J.v.H., and X.C. are employed by Bioproton Pty Ltd., D.S. and Y.S.B. received funding from Bioproton Pty Ltd. A.K. and T.T.H.V. have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Broiler performance, liver weight and litter moisture parameters post-DEX period (days 28–35); **** p ≤ 0.0001 and ** p ≤ 0.01; ns = no significant comparisons.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Phylum-level taxa distribution across sampled intestinal origins.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The genus-level DAPC plots are presented as follows: (a) the left panel displays a genus-level DAPC plot of samples from different origins, each depicted in different colors; (b) the right panel illustrates a genus-level DAPC plot of different experimental groups in broilers, each depicted in different colors.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Alpha diversity (Shannon index) plot demonstrates high caecal microbiota diversity, moderate gizzard, jejunal and jejunal swab microbiota diversity, and lower feed microbiota diversity, each depicted in different colors.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The t-SNE plot demonstrates the grouping of sample microbial profiles based on individual sample origin.
Figure 6
Figure 6
LEfSe presenting taxa at all taxonomic levels in caecum microbiota (p < 0.05 and LDA > 3.5). LDA = linear discriminatory analysis; LEfSe = LDA effect size.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Crypt depth (μm) of different experimental groups in ileum. *, **, *** Statistically significant p < 0.05.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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