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. 2024 Feb 17;12(2):209.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines12020209.

Serum SARM1 Levels and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: Correlation with Clinical Neuropathy Scales and Nerve Conduction Studies and Impact of COVID-19 vaccination

Moafaq S Alrawaili  1   2 , Ahmad R Abuzinadah  1   2 , Aysha A AlShareef  1   2 , Emad A Hindi  3 , Ahmed K Bamaga  2   4 , Weam Alshora  5 , Hashim Sindi  6
Affiliations

Serum SARM1 Levels and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: Correlation with Clinical Neuropathy Scales and Nerve Conduction Studies and Impact of COVID-19 vaccination

Moafaq S Alrawaili et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

Patients with peripheral neuropathy with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are more likely to have functional impairments. Recently, the gene for serum sterile alpha and toll/interleukin receptor motif-containing protein 1 (SARM1), which may contribute to the pathogenesis of Wallerian degeneration, was discovered in mice models of peripheral neuropathy. We set out to assess serum SARM1's activity as a potential biomarker for the early identification of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in T2DM patients while also examining the impact of the COVID-19 vaccine on SARM1 levels. We assessed the cross-sectional relationships between the SARM1 biomarker, clinical neuropathy scales, and nerve conduction parameters in 80 participants aged between 30 years and 60 years. The analysis was carried out after the patients were split into two groups since we discovered a significant increase in SARM1 levels following the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccination, where group A received one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine inoculation, and group B received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. SARM1 was correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with MNSIe and NSS in group A and showed a consistent positive correlation with the other neuropathy clinical scales in group A and group B without reaching statistical significance. Additionally, SARM1 was negatively correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with the median sensory amplitude in group A and showed a consistent negative correlation with the six other sensory and motor nerves' potential amplitude in group A and group B without reaching statistical significance. In conclusion, SARM1 showed a consistent correlation with clinical neuropathy scales and nerve conduction parameters after accounting for the influence of COVID-19 vaccination doses.

Keywords: COVID-19 vaccine; T2DM patients; clinical neuropathy scales; diabetic neuropathy; nerve conduction; sterile-a and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing protein 1; type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scatter plot displaying changes in SARM1 levels (ng/L) with the number of COVID-19 vaccine doses.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Correlation between SARM1 and neuropathy scales in group A.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Correlation between SARM1 and neuropathy scales in group B.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Correlation between SARM1 and amplitude of sensory and motor nerves action potentials in group A.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Correlation between SARM1 and amplitude of sensory and motor nerves action potentials in group B.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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