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. 2024 Feb 10;24(4):1170.
doi: 10.3390/s24041170.

Deeply Implanted Conformal Antenna for Real-Time Bio-Telemetry Applications

Ladislau Matekovits  1   2   3 , Farzad Mir  4 , Gianluca Dassano  1 , Ildiko Peter  5
Affiliations

Deeply Implanted Conformal Antenna for Real-Time Bio-Telemetry Applications

Ladislau Matekovits et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

The design and experimental verification of a deeply implanted conformal printed antenna is presented. The hip implant acts as the ground plane for a coaxial-cable-fed trapezoidal radiator designed to transmit biological signals collected within the body by proper biosensors. The arrangement, consisting of a metallic (or equivalent) hip implant, bio-compatible gypsum-based dielectric, and conformal radiator, was tested when the hosting 3D-printed plastic bone was immersed in tissue-like liquid contained in a plastic bucket. The dimensions of the set-up are similar to a human leg. Matching and radiation characteristics are presented in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency band (2.4-2.5 GHz), showing the feasibility of the proposed arrangement.

Keywords: bio-electromagnetic; bio-telemetry; conformal antennas; implanted antenna; in-body microstrip antenna.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Technical drawing of the geometry of the implant (left); geometry of a commercial implant [38] (right).
Figure 2
Figure 2
CAD model of the implant immersed in the body implemented in CST (left), antenna detail (center), and implant with dielectric layer and antenna artwork (right).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Leading dimensions of the antenna geometry (left). Comparison between the matching S11 of the antenna: simulation (continuous line) vs. measurement (dashed line) (right).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Photograph of the implant, dielectric layer, and bone geometry printed by 3D technology. Inset: 3D printer device (left) and the 3D-printed die. The two parts are identical (right).
Figure 5
Figure 5
System to measure the dielectric constant of the tissue-like liquid (top left), and the quasi-in vitro configuration (top right). Measured relative dielectric constant (bottom left) and conductivity S/m (bottom right).
Figure 6
Figure 6
RP measurement set-up for the embedded antenna: cross-polarization (left) and co-polarization (right) components.
Figure 7
Figure 7
H-field RP: co-polarization (top left), cross-polarization (top right), total field (bottom left), and simulated 3D pattern (bottom right).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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