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. 2024 Feb 17;24(4):1277.
doi: 10.3390/s24041277.

Multipurpose Modular Wireless Sensor for Remote Monitoring and IoT Applications

Víctor Sámano-Ortega  1 , Omar Arzate-Rivas  2 , Juan Martínez-Nolasco  3 , Juan Aguilera-Álvarez  1 , Coral Martínez-Nolasco  3 , Mauro Santoyo-Mora  3
Affiliations

Multipurpose Modular Wireless Sensor for Remote Monitoring and IoT Applications

Víctor Sámano-Ortega et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Today, maintaining an Internet connection is indispensable; as an example, we can refer to IoT applications that can be found in fields such as environmental monitoring, smart manufacturing, healthcare, smart buildings, smart homes, transportation, energy, and others. The critical elements in IoT applications are both the Wireless Sensor Nodes (WSn) and the Wireless Sensor Networks. It is essential to state that designing an application demands a particular design of a WSn, which represents an important time consumption during the process. In line with this observation, our work describes the development of a modular WSn (MWSn) built with digital processing, wireless communication, and power supply subsystems. Then, we reduce the WSn-implementing process into the design of its modular sensing subsystem. This would allow the development and launching processes of IoT applications across different fields to become faster and easier. Our proposal presents a versatile communication between the sensing modules and the MWSn using one- or two-wired communication protocols, such as I2C. To validate the efficiency and versatility of our proposal, we present two IoT-based remote monitoring applications.

Keywords: Internet of Things; Wireless Sensor Network; Wireless Sensor Node; remote monitoring.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
WSN-based IoT architecture.
Figure 2
Figure 2
General structure of a WSn.
Figure 3
Figure 3
General structure of the MWSn-based IoT application.
Figure 4
Figure 4
MWSn’s architecture.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Proposed firmware for the MWSn.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Protective case designed for the MWSn.
Figure 7
Figure 7
MWSn electronic components: (a) bottom PCB model, (b) top PCB model.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Architecture of the AC sensor module.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Architecture of the relative humidity and temperature sensor module.
Figure 10
Figure 10
MWSn prototype and its parts.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Data sent to ThingSpeak API by the MWSn. Plots are for the following variables: (a) voltage, (b) current, (c) frequency, and (d) consumed energy.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Comparison of the measurements made with the MWSn and wattmeter: (a) voltage, (b) current, (c) frequency, and (d) energy consumption.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Data sent to ThingSpeak API by the MWSn. Plots: (a) temperature and (b) relative humidity.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Comparison of the measurements made with the MWSn and the micro-station: (a) temperature and (b) relative humidity.
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