Comparative Analysis of Mortality due to Breast Cancer and Mammography Uptake in the Federative Units of Brazil-2015 to 2021

Abstract

Objective: Compare the breast cancer mortality rate and the rate of mammograms with socioeconomic factors, in Brazilian´s Federative Units, during the period of 2015 to 2021. Methods: This is an ecological study, of a descriptive nature, which covers the 27 Brazilian federative units, using secondary data extracted from the DATASUS System. The information analyzed was mammography data, breast cancer mortality, demographic and economic data of the resident population and women over 20 years of age. Results: There is a direct relationship between mortality rate and mammograms rates in the Federative Units. The data obtained for Brazil presents a total of 133,048 deaths from breast cancer and 17,324,526 mammography exams in the period from 2015 to 2021. In other words, Brazil presents a standardized mortality rate value, 19.25 deaths per 100,000 women. Regarding the mammography rate, the value of the exam-specific mammography rate was 2,506.55 per 100,000 women. In relation to socioeconomic data by mortality rate group, higher mortality rates from breast cancer present higher rates in the variables: income rate by State (2,594.86), people with income (63.5), average percentage of women with more over 50 years old (29.5%), women with average years of education (6.64), white population (55.1%) and mammography exam rate (2873.20). When analysing the highest rates of mammography exam rates, higher rates are observed income rate by State (2,161.47), people with income (62.5%), average percentage of women over 50 years old (28.6%), women with an average number of years of education (5.8). Conclusion: Brazil has a high mortality rate due to breast cancer, when compared to other countries. The reasons are diverse, such as the modern, industrialized and populous lifestyle. The Federative Units with the highest mortality rate also have high rates of mammograms, that is, in the Federative Units with "better" sociodemographic conditions, the South and Southeast.

Figure 1

Comparison of CMR and Ratio of Mammograms by Federation Unit from 2015 to 2021 (Acre-AC, Alagoas-AL, Amapá-AP, Amazonas-AM, Bahia-BA, Ceará-CE, Distrito Federal-DF, Goiás-GO, Maranhão-MA, Mato Grosso-MT, Mato Grosso do Sul-MS, Pará-PA, Pernambuco-PE, Piauí-PI, Rio Grande do Norte-RN, Rondônia-RO, Roraima-RR, Sergipe-SE, Tocantins-TO, Espírito Santo-ES, Minas Gerais-MG, Paraíba-PB, Paraná-PR, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Rio Grande do Sul-RS, Santa Catarina-SC e São Paulo-SP)

Figure 2

Mapping of rates by Federative Unit. (a) Description of Standardized Mortality Rate by Federative Unit; (b) Description of Mammography Exam Rate by Federative Unit (Acre-AC, Alagoas-AL, Amapá-AP, Amazonas-AM, Bahia-BA, Ceará-CE, Distrito Federal-DF, Goiás-GO, Maranhão-MA, Mato Grosso-MT, Mato Grosso do Sul-MS, Pará-PA, Pernambuco-PE, Piauí-PI, Rio Grande do Norte-RN, Rondônia-RO, Roraima-RR, Sergipe-SE, Tocantins-TO, Espírito Santo-ES, Minas Gerais-MG, Paraíba-PB, Paraná-PR, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Rio Grande do Sul-RS, Santa Catarina-SC e São Paul-SP)