Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2024 Mar-Apr:56:259-269.
doi: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.02.005. Epub 2024 Feb 24.

A qualitative exploration of 40 Hz sound and music for older adults with mild cognitive impairment

Claire Wang  1 , Mengchi Li  2 , Sarah Szanton  3 , Susan Courtney  4 , Alex Pantelyat  5 , Qiwei Li  6 , Jing Huang  3 , Junxin Li  7
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

A qualitative exploration of 40 Hz sound and music for older adults with mild cognitive impairment

Claire Wang et al. Geriatr Nurs. 2024 Mar-Apr.

Abstract

Emerging evidence suggests that 40 Hz auditory stimulation may benefit cognition. Nested within a randomized crossover trial, this qualitative study evaluates the acceptability and experience of three auditory interventions-self-selected music, 40 Hz sound, and a novel combination, termed 40 Hz music-in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals with MCI post-intervention exposure. Findings indicated a preference for self-selected music due to its memory-boosting and emotional benefits, while responses to 40 Hz sound were mixed, with several participants reporting discomfort. The composite 40 Hz music intervention showed promise, striking a balance by enhancing user experience and mitigating the 40 Hz sound's negative aspects. Engagement was influenced by personal music interests, listening routines, and support networks. This study highlights the potential of integrating 40 Hz sound with personalized music to offer a more acceptable 40 Hz auditory intervention for cognition in older adults with MCI.

Keywords: 40 Hz Sound; Auditory intervention; Cognitive health; Mild cognitive impairment; Music.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest None

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:
Parent Study Design
Figure 2:
Figure 2:
Music/Sound Listening Devices for Participants
Figure 3:
Figure 3:
Completed Participant Interviews
Figure 4:
Figure 4:
Interview Categories and Sample Questions Asked
Figure 5:
Figure 5:
Demographic Results from Total Interviewed Persons (N = 25)
Figure 6:
Figure 6:
Thematic Analysis Findings
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Vespa J The U.S. Joins Other Countries With Large Aging Populations.; 2018. Accessed May 2, 2023. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2018/03/graying-america.html
    1. Padeiro M, Santana P, Grant M. Chapter 1 - Global aging and health determinants in a changing world. In: Oliveira PJ, Malva JO, eds. Aging. Academic Press; 2023:3–30. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-823761-8.00021-5 - DOI
    1. Kim JG, Kim H, Hwang J, et al. Differentiating amnestic from non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment subtypes using graph theoretical measures of electroencephalography. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):6219. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10322-9 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Petersen RC, Lopez O, Armstrong MJ, et al. Practice guideline update summary: Mild cognitive impairment. eurology. 2018;90(3):126–135. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000004826 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Alzheimer’s Association. 2023 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 2023;19(4):1598–1695. doi:10.1002/alz.13016 - DOI - PubMed

Publication types