The cardio-oncology continuum: Bridging the gap between cancer and cardiovascular care

Abstract

Cancer and cardiovascular disease are two of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although cancer has historically been viewed as a condition characterized by abnormal cell growth and proliferation, it is now recognized that cancer can lead to a variety of cardiovascular diseases. This is due to the direct impact of cancer on the heart and blood vessels, which can cause myocarditis, pericarditis, and vasculitis. Additionally, cancer patients frequently experience systemic effects such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation, which can contribute to the development of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. It is important to closely monitor patients with cancer, especially those undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy, for cardiovascular risk factors and promptly address them. This article aims to explore the clinical implications of the underlying mechanisms connecting cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Our analysis highlights the need for improved cooperation between oncologists and cardiologists, and specialized treatment for cancer survivors.

Figure 1.. Cancer therapy leading to CVDs.

HER 2 = human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor; EGFR = epidermal growth factor receptor.

Figure 2.. Common risk factors associated with CVD and cancer.