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. 2024 Jan 25;16(1):e52937.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.52937. eCollection 2024 Jan.

Exploring the Relationship of Comorbidities, Smoking Status, HRCT Findings With COVID-19 Disease Severity and Outcomes

Sohail Khan Raja  1 , Rubina Rafique Shiekh  2 , Mohammad Ali Arshad Abbasi  2 , Samia Tariq  3 , Humayun Saleem  4 , Maham Tariq  5 , Amna Akbar  6 , Sarosh Khan Jadoon  7 , Sabahat Tasneem  4 , Mohammad Saleem Khan  8
Affiliations

Exploring the Relationship of Comorbidities, Smoking Status, HRCT Findings With COVID-19 Disease Severity and Outcomes

Sohail Khan Raja et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a serious illness that can affect multiple organs including the lungs. The COVID-mortality risk is attributed to the quick transmission of the virus, the severity of disease, and preclinical risk factors, such as the presence of comorbidities. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) can predict disease severity in COVID-19 patients.

Methodology: This was a retrospective cohort study in which data were obtained from COVID centers at tertiary care hospitals in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Details of clinical characteristics and HRCT findings along with details of smoking and comorbid history were obtained.

Results: Fever at hospital admission, HRCT findings, and having a partner predicted disease severity showed a significant p-value of <0.05. Old age and living in a combined household were associated with severe outcomes (p<0.05). Symptoms of shortness of breath (SOB) on hospital admission could predict the need for ICU admission in COVID-19 patients.

Conclusion: HRCT has a good predictive value for disease severity in patients with COVID-19, and old age is a risk factor. Although, limited associations were established in the analysis, in this study hyperlipidemia and hypertension significantly affected the course of disease. Further studies should be done to explore the relationship.

Keywords: comorbid; covid-19 outcomes; disease severity; high resolution computed tomography; smoking.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Symptoms of COVID-19 disease.
COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; HRCT: high-resolution computed tomography; CO-RADS: coronavirus disease 2019 reporting and data system
Figure 2
Figure 2. Association of high-resolution computed tomography with (a) symptomatic days and (b) days in hospital.
HRCT: high-resolution computed tomography; CO-RADS: coronavirus disease 2019 reporting and data system
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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