Exploring the Relationship of Comorbidities, Smoking Status, HRCT Findings With COVID-19 Disease Severity and Outcomes

Abstract

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a serious illness that can affect multiple organs including the lungs. The COVID-mortality risk is attributed to the quick transmission of the virus, the severity of disease, and preclinical risk factors, such as the presence of comorbidities. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) can predict disease severity in COVID-19 patients.

Methodology: This was a retrospective cohort study in which data were obtained from COVID centers at tertiary care hospitals in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Details of clinical characteristics and HRCT findings along with details of smoking and comorbid history were obtained.

Results: Fever at hospital admission, HRCT findings, and having a partner predicted disease severity showed a significant p-value of <0.05. Old age and living in a combined household were associated with severe outcomes (p<0.05). Symptoms of shortness of breath (SOB) on hospital admission could predict the need for ICU admission in COVID-19 patients.

Conclusion: HRCT has a good predictive value for disease severity in patients with COVID-19, and old age is a risk factor. Although, limited associations were established in the analysis, in this study hyperlipidemia and hypertension significantly affected the course of disease. Further studies should be done to explore the relationship.

Keywords: comorbid; covid-19 outcomes; disease severity; high resolution computed tomography; smoking.

Figure 1. Symptoms of COVID-19 disease.

COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; HRCT: high-resolution computed tomography; CO-RADS: coronavirus disease 2019 reporting and data system

Figure 2. Association of high-resolution computed tomography with (a) symptomatic days and (b) days in hospital.

HRCT: high-resolution computed tomography; CO-RADS: coronavirus disease 2019 reporting and data system