Impact of COVID-19 on cardiac surgery outcomes

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 infection on cardiac surgery outcomes in patients who contracted COVID-19 peri-operatively or had recently recovered from COVID-19.

Methods: The study prospectively enrolled 95 patients scheduled for cardiac surgery who had recently recovered from COVID-19. This formed the post-COVID-19 group. The other group consisted of 25 patients who contracted COVID-19 peri-operatively. Patients were followed for all-cause mortality as the primary endpoint and postoperative course complications as the secondary endpoint. Data were compared to a historical cohort of 280 non-COVID-19 patients.

Results: The peri-operative COVID-19 group exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of primary outcome all-cause mortality (28%), compared with 4.3% in the controls (p < 0.01), as well as the secondary composite endpoint (stroke, peri-operative myocardial infarction and pneumonia) (52 vs 13.9%, p < 0.01). The post-COVID-19 group had a higher incidence of acute pulmonary embolism (3.2 vs 0%, p < 0.01) and atrial fibrillation (23.4 vs 11.4%, p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Patients who contracted COVID-19 peri-operatively had an increased rate of mortality and postoperative complications, while cardiac surgery in the recently recovered COVID-19 group was associated with a higher incidence of pulmonary embolism and atrial fibrillation.

Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19); cardiac surgery; complications; mortality; outcomes.