Disparities among ethnic groups in mortality and outcomes among adults with MASLD: A multicenter study

Abstract

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease and 10%-20% occurs in lean individuals. There is little data in the literature regarding outcomes in an ethnically-diverse patient populations with MASLD. Thus, we aim to investigate the natural history and ethnic disparities of MASLD patients in a diverse population, and stratified by body mass index categories.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter study on patients with MASLD at the Banner Health System from 2012 to 2022. Main outcomes included mortality and incidence of cirrhosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus (DM), liver-related events (LREs), and cancer. We used competing risk and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis for outcome modelling.

Results: A total of 51 452 (cross-sectional cohort) and 37 027 (longitudinal cohort) patients were identified with 9.6% lean. The cohort was 63.33% European ancestry, 27.96% Hispanic ancestry, 3.45% African ancestry, and 2.31% Native American/Alaskan ancestry. Median follow-up was 45.8 months. After adjusting for confounders, compared to European individuals, Hispanic and Native American/Alaskan patients had higher prevalence of cirrhosis and DM, and individuals of Hispanic, African, and Native American/Alaskan ancestry had higher mortality and incidence of LREs and DM. Lean patients had higher mortality and incidence of LREs compared with non-lean patients.

Conclusion: Native American/Alaskan, Hispanic, and African patients had higher mortality and incidence of LREs and DM compared with European patients. Further studies to explore the underlying disparities and intervention to prevent LREs in lean patients, particularly several ethnic groups, may improve clinical outcomes.

Keywords: Hispanic paradox; MASLD; Native Americans; ethnic disparities; liver decompensation.

FIGURE 1

Study flowchart.

FIGURE 2

Cumulative incidence of death and diseases among MASLD by BMI category. (A) Cumulative incidence of death by BMI category. (B) Cumulative incidence of cardiovascular disease by BMI category. (C) Cumulative incidence of liver-related events by BMI category. (D) Cumulative incidence of cirrhosis by BMI category. (E) Cumulative incidence of cancer by BMI category. (F) Cumulative incidence of Type II diabetes mellitus by BMI category. BMI, body mass index; MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.