Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) serological and molecular patterns in dogs with viral gastroenteritis from southern Brazil

Abstract

Canine Parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious virus that can cause severe systemic disease with gastroenteric symptoms in dogs, particularly in young puppies. Originating from the feline parvovirus in the late 1970s, it swiftly propagated globally, instigating a pandemic in dogs. Despite vaccination advancements, CPV-2 remains a substantial challenge for veterinary professionals and pet owners. This study aimed to contribute knowledge about the current situation of CPV-2 among dogs in southern Brazil. In this study, the sera of 125 dogs (mostly with gastroenteritis symptoms) were screened for antibodies against CPV-2 and their faeces for the virus itself. The results showed that 40% (50/125) of dogs were infected with CPV-2. Most animals (65.5%) had previously been exposed to CPV-2 (with serotitres equal or above 1:40), and only 37.6% had protective antibody titres equal or above 1:80. The findings have also demonstrated that vaccination against CPV-2 significantly reduced the risk of infection, with positive cases decreasing from 56.9% (unvaccinated) to 2.0% (fully vaccinated). Furthermore, the prevalence of CPV-2 decreased as dogs aged, with younger dogs and those with an incomplete or non-existent vaccination history at the highest risk of infection. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insight into the prevalence and risk factors associated with CPV-2 infection in dogs in southern Brazil, thereby providing valuable knowledge for the improvement of veterinary care and pet health.

Keywords: Brazil; CPV-2; Canine Parvovirus; Dogs; Prevalence; Serotitres.

Fig. 1

Correlation between age and titre of antibodies against CPV-2. Statistical significance was observed in the differences among 1–4 month and 5–15 month (p = 0.05) and among 1–4 month and 1–3 years (p = 0.04)

Fig. 2

Impact of the vaccination status on the titre of antibodies against CPV-2. Statistical significance was observed in the differences among full vaccination and incomplete vaccination (p < 0.001) and full vaccination and no vaccination (p = 0.003)

Fig. 3

Distribution of antibodies titres against CPV-2, serotitres below 4(1:80) are clustered and represented by “not protected”. Statistical significance was observed in the differences among non-protected animals and protected animals between 1–4 moths and 1–3 years (p = 0.008)