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. 2024 Feb 26;19(2):e0299065.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299065. eCollection 2024.

The impact of COVID-19 on treatment follow-up and medication adherence among patients with epilepsy at a referral hospital in Ethiopia

Bethlehem Abera Tekleyohannes  1 , Yared Mamushet Yifru  2 , Beshir Bedru Nasir  1
Affiliations

The impact of COVID-19 on treatment follow-up and medication adherence among patients with epilepsy at a referral hospital in Ethiopia

Bethlehem Abera Tekleyohannes et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: The world continues to be challenged by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and preventive measures like maintaining social distancing and lockdowns challenge patients to attend regular follow-ups and get a refill for medication that causes adherence problems. Hence, this study attempts to assess the impact of COVID-19 on treatment follow-up and medication adherence among patients with epilepsy.

Method: A total of 276 patients with epilepsy were enrolled in the study. Data collection was carried out through medical record reviews and patient interviews. Patients who visited Zewditu Memorial Hospital from August to September 2021 and those who had follow-up at least for two years before the outbreak of the pandemic were included. The data was analyzed using SPSS v.24.

Result: About 69.6% of patients were adherent to their treatment and 83.3% of the patients had a seizure-free period of less than 1 year. Ninety (32.6%) of the participants missed their treatment follow-up during the pandemic, mainly due to fear of being infected with COVID-19. Sixty-eight (24.6%) patients have experienced increased seizure episodes during the pandemic as compared to the previous times. Moreover, 56 (20.3%) participants were not taking their antiseizure medications (ASMs) during the pandemic because of the unavailability of medications and they discontinued hospital visits for their medication refills. Among those who missed their treatment follow-up, 20% had seizure-related physical injuries. Only educational level has a significant association with visiting health facilities during the pandemic. Thus, participants who completed college and above (OR = 2.58, 95% CI (1.32-6.38)) were more likely to attend their follow-up during the pandemics as compared to participants who can't read and write.

Conclusion: The present study revealed that COVID-19 might have impacts on treatment follow-up and medication adherence due to fear of infection, travel restrictions and the indirect impact on the availability and affordability of medications. These might lead to poor treatment outcomes like increased seizure frequency and seizure-related physical injuries.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Reason for missing treatment follow-up during the first phase of COVID-19 (April -October 2020).
Fig 2
Fig 2. Reasons for non-adherence to medication during the first phase of COVID-19 (April-October 2020).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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