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. 2024 Feb 26;14(1):4613.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-53756-z.

Associations between Th1-related cytokines and complicated pediatric appendicitis

Matilda Elliver  1 , Martin Salö  2   3 , Bodil Roth  4   5 , Bodil Ohlsson  4   5 , Lars Hagander  2   3 , Johanna Gudjonsdottir  2   6
Affiliations

Associations between Th1-related cytokines and complicated pediatric appendicitis

Matilda Elliver et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The pathogenesis of appendicitis is not understood fully, and the diagnosis can be challenging. Previous research has suggested an association between a T helper (Th) 1-dependent immune response and complicated appendicitis. This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the association between serum concentrations of the Th1-associated cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A and tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-β) and the risk of complicated appendicitis in children. Appendicitis severity was determined through histopathological examination. A total of 137 children < 15 years with appendicitis were included with a median age of 10 years (IQR 8-12); 86 (63%) were boys, and 58 (42%) had complicated appendicitis. Children with complicated appendicitis had significantly higher concentrations of serum IL-6 and IL-10, and lower of TNF-β. After adjustment for age, symptom duration, and presence of appendicolith in a multivariable logistic regression, a higher concentration of IL-6 remained associated with an increased risk of complicated appendicitis (aOR 1.001 [95% CI 1.000-1.002], p = 0.02). Serum concentrations of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, IL-17A and TNF-β were not significantly associated with the risk of complicated appendicitis. In conclusion, our results suggests that the systemic inflammatory response in complicated appendicitis is complex and not solely Th1-dependent.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of the inclusion and exclusion of 215 children with suspected appendicitis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Concentrations of serum IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-β in 137 children with appendicitis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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