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. 2024 Feb 22:16:55-69.
doi: 10.2147/OPTO.S446717. eCollection 2024.

Alteration Ocular Motility in Retinitis Pigmentosa: Case-Control Study

Anna Maria Comberiati  1 , Chiara Lomartire  1 , Mariaelena Malvasi  1 , Raffaele Migliorini  1 , Fernanda Pacella  2 , Vito Maurizio Malvasi  3 , Paolo Turchetti  4 , Elena Pacella  1
Affiliations

Alteration Ocular Motility in Retinitis Pigmentosa: Case-Control Study

Anna Maria Comberiati et al. Clin Optom (Auckl). .

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate ocular motility (OM) disorders and strabismus in a sample of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and a control sample.

Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective analysis, we studied a sample of RP patients with a mean age of 48.74 years and an average visual acuity of 7/10 based on Snellen optotype and a sample of control patients with similar mean age (49 years [men], 47 years [women]) and sex and an average visual acuity of 9.9/10, with the aim of assessing correlations between alteration of OM and strabismus in RP patients based on age, high refractive defect, or severely impaired binocular vision. The examination followed a protocol of testing for anamnesis and best-corrected visual acuity, as well as a complete eye examination, corneal reflex, cover test, OM, Hess screen, and Lang test.

Results: At the first orthoptic evaluation, 45.16% of patients showed strabismus, 41.93% exotropia (25% of cases intermittent), 3.22% esotropia, and 6.45% vertical deviation. Later evaluation showed strabismus in 25.80% of patients, exotropia in 19.35% (9.67% intermittent), esotropia in 3.22%, and vertical deviation in 3.22%. Assessment of eye motility study showed 51.6% overaction of the inferior oblique and hypofunction of the superior rectus, and 18% overaction of the lateral rectus and hypofunction of the medial rectus. According to our results, alterations in OM and strabismus in RP patients are not correlated with age or high refractive defect. Therefore, motility disorders and strabismus are attributed to a genetic factor to which men are more susceptible.

Conclusion: The incidence of OM disorder was 77.42%, and strabismus was present in 45.16% of patients.

Keywords: genetic factor; ocular motility; orthoptic evaluation; retinitis pigmentosa; strabismus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Stratification of the sample with RP (A) and control sample (B) by age and sex.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Evaluation of refractive errors in RP patients.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Evaluation of refractive errors in control sample.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Ocular motility dysfunctions by gender.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Ocular motility dysfunctions by age.
Figure 6
Figure 6
CR (corneal reflex) from near and afar in RP patients and control sample.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Cover test in RP sample: evaluation of horizontal deviation for near without lens.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Cover test, RP sample: evaluation of vertical deviation for near without lens.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Cover test, RP patients: evaluation of horizontal deviation from a distance without lens.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Cover test, control sample: evaluation of horizontal deviation for near without lens and the horizontal deviation from afar without lens.
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