Association between filaggrin gene mutations and the clinical features of molluscum contagiosum: The Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study

Abstract

Previous studies have reported swimming, atopic dermatitis, and filaggrin (FLG) gene mutations as risk factors for molluscum contagiosum (MC) infection. FLG gene mutations impair skin barrier function. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of FLG mutations on the incidence and clinical features of MC. We used data from 2036 children who participated in the Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a prospective, birth cohort study. A questionnaire for caregivers (when children were 4 and 8 years of age) asked about clinical features including previous MC incidence and treatment, number of MC lesions at first visit, and time to resolution. Participants underwent genotyping to detect six FLG mutations that are common in the Japanese population. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between MC incidence and FLG mutations, adjusted for potential confounders. The cumulative incidence of MC at age 8 years was 47.1%. Among participants with a history of MC, 67.6% had undergone curettage. FLG mutation was a significant risk factor for MC incidence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-2.42). Swimming and atopic dermatitis were also significant risk factors for MC. There was no significant association between FLG mutation and the number of MC lesions at the first visit or the time to resolution of lesions. FLG mutation is a risk factor for MC incidence; however, FLG mutations do not affect the number of MC lesions at presentation or the time to resolution.

Keywords: atopic dermatitis; filaggrin gene mutations; molluscum contagiosum; time to resolution; treatment modalities.

FIGURE 1

Relationship between the number of molluscum contagiosum (MC) lesions at the first visit and filaggrin (FLG) mutations. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test, p = 0.74.

FIGURE 2

Relationship between time to resolution and filaggrin (FLG) mutations. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test, p = 0.62.

FIGURE 3

Time to resolution for each treatment modality. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test, p < 0.01.