Progress in the study of reproductive toxicity of platinum-based antitumor drugs and their means of prevention

Abstract

Platinum-based antitumor drugs are broad-spectrum agents with unique mechanisms of action. Combination chemotherapy regimens based on platinum drugs are commonly used in cancer treatment. However, these drugs can cause various adverse reactions in the human body through different routes of administration, including reproductive toxicity, genetic toxicity, and embryonic developmental toxicity. Preventing adverse effects is crucial to enhance patients' quality of life and reduce healthcare costs. This article discusses the types and developmental history of antitumor active platinum compounds, their mechanisms of action, routes of administration, and their potential reproductive, genetic, and embryonic developmental toxicity. This text explores preventive measures based on animal experimental results. Its aim is to provide references for personalized treatment and occupational protection when using platinum drugs. The continuous progress of science and technology, along with the deepening of medical research, suggests that the application of platinum drugs will broaden. Therefore, the development of new platinum drugs will be an important direction for future research.

Keywords: antitumor; embryonic developmental toxicity; genotoxicity; platinum; reproductive toxicity.

FIGURE 1

Mechanism of action of cisplatin in entering cancer cells and causing apoptosis antitumor active platinum compounds are represented by the blue spheres. These ions can enter the nucleus of tumour cells through free diffusion and transport by the organic cation transporter proteins OCT1-3 and copper transporter protein 1. Once inside,they bind to DNA, breaking the hydrogen bond between the purine group and cytosine on the two polynucleotide strands, causing DNA damage. And the expression of P53 and HIF increases and directly targets mitochondria, causing them to produce excessive ROS and induce the onset of apoptosis.