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. 2025 Apr;12(2):1081-1111.
doi: 10.1007/s40615-024-01945-x. Epub 2024 Feb 28.

Health Service Utilization of Black Immigrant Women Residing in the United States: A Systematic Review

Jennifer J Lee  1 , Joyline Chepkorir  2 , Abeer Alharthi  2 , Khadijat K Adeleye  3 , Nicole E Warren  2
Affiliations

Health Service Utilization of Black Immigrant Women Residing in the United States: A Systematic Review

Jennifer J Lee et al. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2025 Apr.

Abstract

Black immigrants constitute a rapidly growing population group in the U.S. A comprehensive understanding of health services used by Black immigrant women is necessary to support the complex needs of this population. We conducted a systematic review to (1) understand the types of health services used by Black immigrant women living in the U.S. and (2) examine barriers and motivators to using health services. Relevant studies were identified in the following databases: PubMed, PsychInfo, CINAHL, and Embase. Articles published until October 2022 were included in the review. From a total of 15,245 records, 47 articles that reported on health service utilization practices of Black immigrant women were included in the review. A variety of different health services were accessed by Black immigrant women, such as hepatitis screening, reproductive health services, cancer screenings, substance abuse treatment, mental health services, HIV services, dental services, genetic testing, cardiovascular risk testing, and general health services/ hospitalizations. Motivators for using health services included possession of health insurance, knowledge of health resources and conditions, and positive experiences with providers. Barriers to using health services included challenges navigating the health system, language barriers, and cultural beliefs. Factors that positively influence health service utilization must be expanded at the institutional, societal, and policy levels to improve access to health services for Black immigrant women.

Keywords: Black immigrant; Health care access; Health disparities; Health services; Immigrant health.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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