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. 2024 Feb 28;19(2):e0282463.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282463. eCollection 2024.

Spatial regression models to assess variations of composite index for anthropometric failure across the administrative zones in Ethiopia

Haile Mekonnen Fenta  1 , Temesgen Zewotir  2 , Essey Kebede Muluneh  3
Affiliations

Spatial regression models to assess variations of composite index for anthropometric failure across the administrative zones in Ethiopia

Haile Mekonnen Fenta et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: There are a number of previous studies that investigated undernutrition and its determinants in Ethiopia. However, the national average in the level of undernutrition conceals large variation across administrative zones of Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to determine the geographic distribution of composite index for anthropometric failure (CIAF) and identify the influencing factors it' might be more appropriate.

Methods: We used the zonal-level undernutrition data for the under-five children in Ethiopia from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset. Different spatial models were applied to explore the spatial distribution of the CIAF and the covariates.

Results: The Univariate Moran's I statistics for CIAF showed spatial heterogeneity of undernutrition in Ethiopian administrative zones. The spatial autocorrelation model (SAC) was the best fit based on the AIC criteria. Results from the SAC model suggested that the CIAF was positively associated with mothers' illiteracy rate (0.61, pvalue 0.001), lower body mass index (0.92, pvalue = 0.023), and maximum temperature (0.2, pvalue = 0.0231) respectively. However, the CIAF was negatively associated with children without any comorbidity (-0.82, pvalue = 0.023), from families with accessibility of improved drinking water (-0.26, pvalue = 0.012), and minimum temperature (-0.16).

Conclusion: The CIAF across the administrative zones of Ethiopia is spatially clustered. Improving women's education, improving drinking water, and improving child breast feeding can reduce the prevalence of undernutrition (CIAF) across Ethiopian administrative zones. Moreover, targeted intervention in the geographical hotspots of CIAF can reduce the burden of CIAF across the administrative zones.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1
Locations of administrative divisions (zones) of Ethiopia: a) Regions; b) zones (Source: Authors).
Fig 2
Fig 2. Different spatial weight matrices.
Fig 3
Fig 3. The spatial effects models as well as the OLS model.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Relative risk observed vs predicted: Spatial distribution of crude under-five CIAF rates by zones in Ethiopia.
Source: Created by the authors from EDHS estimates.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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