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. 2024 May;133(5):604-613.
doi: 10.1111/bju.16320. Epub 2024 Feb 28.

Urinary incontinence indicates mortality, disability, and infections in hospitalised stroke patients

Christopher H Fry  1 , Adam Fluck  2 , Brendan Affley  3 , Puneet Kakar  4 , Pankaj Sharma  5   6 , David Fluck  7 , Thang S Han  8   5
Affiliations

Urinary incontinence indicates mortality, disability, and infections in hospitalised stroke patients

Christopher H Fry et al. BJU Int. 2024 May.

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the impact of urinary incontinence (UI) on health outcomes over the entire spectrum of acute stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] scores: 0-42), due to a paucity of data on patients with milder strokes.

Patients and methods: Data were prospectively collected (2014-2016) from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme (1593 men, 1591 women; mean [SD] age 76.8 [13.3] years) admitted to four UK hyperacute stroke units (HASUs). Relationships between variables were assessed by multivariable logistic regression. Data were adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, pre-stroke disability and intra-cranial haemorrhage, and presented as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.

Results: Amongst patients with no symptoms or a minor stroke (NIHSS scores of 0-4), compared to patients without UI, patients with UI had significantly greater risks of poor outcomes including: in-hospital mortality; disability at discharge; in-hospital pneumonia; urinary tract infection within 7 days of admission; prolonged length of stay on the HASU; palliative care by discharge; activity of daily living (ADL) support, and new discharge to care home. In patients with more moderate stroke (NIHSS score of 5-15) the same outcomes were identified; being at greater risk for patients with UI, except for palliative care by discharge and ADL support. With the highest stroke severity group (NIHSS score of 16-48) all outcomes were identified except in-patient mortality, pneumonia, and ADL support. However, odds ratios diminished as NIHSS scores increased.

Conclusions: Urinary incontinence is a useful indicator of poor short-term outcomes in older patients with an acute stroke, but irrespective of stroke severity. This provides valuable information to healthcare professionals to identify at-risk individuals.

Keywords: Disability; healthcare associated infections; healthcare burden; hospital length of stay; mortality.

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