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. 2024 Feb 14:12:1355545.
doi: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1355545. eCollection 2024.

Preparation and physicochemical characterization of whitlockite/PVA/Gelatin composite for bone tissue regeneration

Sadaf Batool  1 , Usman Liaqat  1 , Zakir Hussain  1
Affiliations

Preparation and physicochemical characterization of whitlockite/PVA/Gelatin composite for bone tissue regeneration

Sadaf Batool et al. Front Chem. .

Abstract

This work used a straightforward solvent casting approach to synthesize bone whitlockite (WH) based PVA/Gelatin composites. WH nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using the wet precipitation method, followed by their addition into the PVA/Gelatin matrix at concentrations from 1% to 10%. The physicochemical characterization of the prepared PVA/Gelatin/WH composite was carried out using ATR-FTIR, Optical profilometry, a Goniometer, a Universal tensile testing machine (UTM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of noncovalent interactions between polymeric chains and WH NPs and the incorporation of WH NPs into the polymer cavities. SEM analysis demonstrated increased surface roughness with the addition of WH NPs, supporting the results obtained through optical profilometry analysis. The mechanical properties of the prepared composite showed an increase in the tensile strength with the addition of WH filler up to 7% loading. The prepared composite has demonstrated an excellent swelling ability and surface wettability. The reported results demonstrate the exceptional potential of the prepared composite for bone tissue regeneration.

Keywords: bone mineral; calcium phosphate; composites; tissue regeneration; whitlockite.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
(A) XRD spectrum of WH NPs (B) Raman of WH NPs (C) FTIR of WH NPs.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
ATR Spectrum of PVA/Gel/WH Composite with different composition, neat film (orange), 0.01 WH (magenta), 0.02 (pink), 0.03 (blue), 0.04 (turquoise), 0.05 (royal blue), 0.06 (red), 0.07 (zinc) of WH NPs.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
(A) SEM images of the Surface of PVA/Gelatin/WH Composite (B) Cross-sectional images of PVA/Gelatin/WH Composite.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
(A)Tensile Strength of the PVA/Gelatin/WH Composites (B) Elongation at break of PVA/Gelatin/WH Composite.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
In-Vitro Degradation of PVA/Gelatin/WH Composites from 0 (black), 1 (red), 2 (blue), 3 (purple), 4 (olive green), 5 (royal blue), 6 (navy blue), and 7 (magenta) wt%.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Swelling behavior of PVA/gelatin/WH composite.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Surface roughness of PVA/gelatin/WH composite.
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
Surface wettability of PVA/Gelatin/WH Composite.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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