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. 2024 Feb;30(2):e14582.
doi: 10.1111/cns.14582.

Alterations in cortical volume and complexity in Parkinson's disease with depression

Jiaying Yuan  1 , Yujing Liu  1 , Haiyan Liao  1   2 , Changlian Tan  1 , Sainan Cai  1 , Qin Shen  1 , Qinru Liu  1 , Min Wang  1 , Yuqing Tang  1 , Xu Li  1 , Jun Liu  1   2 , Yuheng Zi  1   3
Affiliations

Alterations in cortical volume and complexity in Parkinson's disease with depression

Jiaying Yuan et al. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2024 Feb.

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate differences in gray matter volume and cortical complexity between Parkinson's disease with depression (PDD) patients and Parkinson's disease without depression (PDND) patients.

Methods: A total of 41 PDND patients, 36 PDD patients, and 38 healthy controls (HC) were recruited and analyzed by Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based morphometry (SBM). Differences in gray matter volume and cortical complexity were compared using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlated with the Hamilton Depression Scale-17 (HAMD-17) scores.

Results: PDD patients exhibited significant cortical atrophy in various regions, including bilateral medial parietal-occipital-temporal lobes, right dorsolateral temporal lobes, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, and bilateral hippocampus, compared to HC and PDND groups. A negative correlation between the GMV of left precuneus and HAMD-17 scores in the PDD group tended to be significant (r = -0.318, p = 0.059). Decreased gyrification index was observed in the bilateral insular and dorsolateral temporal cortex. However, there were no significant differences found in fractal dimension and sulcal depth.

Conclusion: Our research shows extensive cortical structural changes in the insular cortex, parietal-occipital-temporal lobes, and hippocampal regions in PDD. This provides a morphological perspective for understanding the pathophysiological mechanism underlying depression in Parkinson's disease.

Keywords: Parkinson's disease; depression; structural magnetic resonance imaging; surface-based morphometry (SBM); voxel-based morphometry (VBM).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
(A–C) Gray matter volume (GMV) reduction regions in Parkinson's disease with depression (PDD) (p < 0.05, family‐wise error correction). (A) Figure of the cluster with the peak point located in the right middle temporal lobe. (B) Figure of the cluster with the peak point located in the left parahippocampal gyrus. (C) Figure of the cluster with the peak point located in the left precuneus. (D) Plot of the GMV distribution in the cluster with the peak point located in the right middle temporal lobe. Post hoc analysis revealed a significantly decreased GMV in the PDD group compared with the PD patients without depression (PDND) group (**p = 0.001) and the healthy control (HC) group (**p = 0.001). (E) Plot of the GMV distribution in the cluster with the peak point located in the left parahippocampal gyrus. Post hoc analysis revealed a significantly decreased GMV in the PDD group compared with the PDND group (**p < 0.001) and the healthy controls (HC) group (**p < 0.001). (F) Plot of the GMV distribution in the cluster with the peak point located in the left precuneus. Post hoc analysis revealed a significantly decreased GMV in the PDD group compared with the PDND group (**p = 0.002) and the HC group (**p = 0.001).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
(A) Gyrification index (GI) reduction regions in Parkinson's disease with depression (PDD) (p < 0.05, family‐wise error correction). (B) Plot of the GI distribution in the cluster in the left hemisphere. Post hoc analysis revealed a significantly decreased GI in the PDD group compared with the PD patients without depression (PDND) group (**p = 0.008) and the healthy control (HC) group (**p < 0.001). Additionally, GI values decreased in the PDND group compared to HC (*p = 0.04). (C) Plot of the GI distribution in the cluster in the right hemisphere. Post hoc analysis revealed a significantly decreased GI in the PDD group compared with the PDND group (**p = 0.006) and the HC group (**p < 0.001). Additionally, GI values decreased in the PDND group compared to HC (**p = 0.01).
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