A far-ultraviolet-driven photoevaporation flow observed in a protoplanetary disk

Olivier Berné¹, Emilie Habart², Els Peeters^{3

4

5}, Ilane Schroetter¹, Amélie Canin¹, Ameek Sidhu^{3

4}, Ryan Chown^{3

4}, Emeric Bron⁶, Thomas J Haworth⁷, Pamela Klaassen⁸, Boris Trahin², Dries Van De Putte⁹, Felipe Alarcón¹⁰, Marion Zannese², Alain Abergel², Edwin A Bergin¹⁰, Jeronimo Bernard-Salas^{11

12}, Christiaan Boersma¹³, Jan Cami^{3

4

5}, Sara Cuadrado¹⁴, Emmanuel Dartois¹⁵, Daniel Dicken², Meriem Elyajouri², Asunción Fuente¹⁶, Javier R Goicoechea¹⁴, Karl D Gordon^{9

17}, Lina Issa¹, Christine Joblin¹, Olga Kannavou², Baria Khan³, Ozan Lacinbala², David Languignon⁶, Romane Le Gal^{1

18

19}, Alexandros Maragkoudakis¹³, Raphael Meshaka², Yoko Okada²⁰, Takashi Onaka^{21

22}, Sofia Pasquini³, Marc W Pound²³, Massimo Robberto^{9

17}, Markus Röllig²⁰, Bethany Schefter³, Thiébaut Schirmer^{2

24}, Thomas Simmer², Benoit Tabone², Alexander G G M Tielens^{23

25}, Sílvia Vicente²⁶, Mark G Wolfire²³; PDRs4All Team†; Isabel Aleman²⁷, Louis Allamandola^{23

28}, Rebecca Auchettl²⁹, Giuseppe Antonio Baratta³⁰, Clément Baruteau¹, Salma Bejaoui²³, Partha P Bera^{23

28}, John H Black³¹, Francois Boulanger³², Jordy Bouwman^{33

34

35}, Bernhard Brandl^{20

36}, Philippe Brechignac¹¹, Sandra Brünken³⁷, Mridusmita Buragohain³⁸, Andrew Burkhardt³⁹, Alessandra Candian^{20

40}, Stéphanie Cazaux¹⁰, Jose Cernicharo¹⁴, Marin Chabot⁴¹, Shubhadip Chakraborty^{42

43}, Jason Champion¹, Sean W J Colgan²⁴, Ilsa R Cooke⁴⁴, Audrey Coutens¹, Nick L J Cox^{11

12}, Karine Demyk¹, Jennifer Donovan Meyer⁴⁵, Cécile Engrand⁴¹, Sacha Foschino⁴, Pedro García-Lario⁴⁶, Lisseth Gavilan²⁴, Maryvonne Gerin⁴⁷, Marie Godard¹¹, Carl A Gottlieb⁴⁸, Pierre Guillard^{49

50}, Antoine Gusdorf^{32

47}, Patrick Hartigan⁵¹, Jinhua He^{52

53

54}, Eric Herbst⁵⁵, Liv Hornekaer⁵⁶, Cornelia Jäger⁵⁷, Eduardo Janot-Pacheco⁵⁸, Michael Kaufman⁵⁹, Francisca Kemper^{60

61

62}, Sarah Kendrew⁶³, Maria S Kirsanova⁶⁴, Collin Knight³, Sun Kwok⁶⁵, Álvaro Labiano⁶⁶, Thomas S-Y Lai⁶⁷, Timothy J Lee²⁴, Bertrand Lefloch²⁵, Franck Le Petit⁹, Aigen Li⁶⁸, Hendrik Linz⁶⁹, Cameron J Mackie^{70

71}, Suzanne C Madden⁷², Joëlle Mascetti⁷³, Brett A McGuire^{74

45}, Pablo Merino⁷⁵, Elisabetta R Micelotta⁷⁶, Jon A Morse⁷⁷, Giacomo Mulas^{1

78}, Naslim Neelamkodan⁷⁹, Ryou Ohsawa⁸⁰, Roberta Paladini⁶⁷, Maria Elisabetta Palumbo³⁰, Amit Pathak⁸¹, Yvonne J Pendleton⁸², Annemieke Petrignani⁸³, Thomas Pino¹², Elena Puga⁴⁶, Naseem Rangwala¹³, Mathias Rapacioli⁸⁴, Alessandra Ricca^{3

24}, Julia Roman-Duval¹⁵, Evelyne Roueff¹⁰, Gaël Rouillé⁵⁷, Farid Salama¹³, Dinalva A Sales⁸⁵, Karin Sandstrom⁸⁶, Peter Sarre⁸⁷, Ella Sciamma-O'Brien¹³, Kris Sellgren⁸⁸, Matthew J Shannon¹³, Adrien Simonnin¹, Sachindev S Shenoy⁸⁹, David Teyssier⁴⁶, Richard D Thomas⁹⁰, Aditya Togi⁹¹, Laurent Verstraete², Adolf N Witt⁹², Alwyn Wootten⁴⁵, Nathalie Ysard^{1

2}, Henning Zettergren⁹⁰, Yong Zhang⁹³, Ziwei E Zhang⁹⁴, Junfeng Zhen⁹⁵

Affiliations

¹ Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, 31028 Toulouse, France.
² Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France.
³ Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
⁴ Institute for Earth and Space Exploration, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
⁵ Carl Sagan Center, Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.
⁶ Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris Science et Lettres, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, F-92190 Meudon, France.
⁷ School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
⁸ UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill EH9 3HJ, UK.
⁹ Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
¹¹ ACRI-ST, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche de Grasse, F-06130 Grasse, France.
¹² Innovative Common Laboratory for Space Spectroscopy, 06130 Grasse, France.
¹³ NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
¹⁴ Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
¹⁵ Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France.
¹⁶ Centro de Astrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain.
¹⁷ Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
¹⁸ Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
¹⁹ Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique, F-38406 Saint-Martin d'Hères, France.
²⁰ I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany.
²¹ Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
²² Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Meisei University, Hino, Tokyo 191-8506, Japan.
²³ Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
²⁴ Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-439 92 Onsala, Sweden.
²⁵ Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.
²⁶ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal.
²⁷ Instituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Itajubá, Brazil.
²⁸ Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
²⁹ Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Victoria, Australia.
³⁰ Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, 95123 Catania, Italy.
³¹ Department of Space, Earth, and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 43992 Onsala, Sweden.
³² Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Science et Lettres, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005, Paris, France.
³³ Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
³⁴ Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
³⁵ Institute for Modeling Plasma, Atmospheres, and Cosmic Dust, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
³⁶ Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS Delft, Netherlands.
³⁷ Institute for Molecules and Materials, Free-Electron Lasers for Infrared eXperiments Laboratory, Radboud University, 6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands.
³⁸ School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India.
³⁹ Department of Physics, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA.
⁴⁰ Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
⁴¹ Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Irène Joliot-Curie, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
⁴² Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France.
⁴³ Department of Chemistry, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Bangalore, India.
⁴⁴ Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
⁴⁵ National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
⁴⁶ European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, E-28692 Madrid, Spain.
⁴⁷ Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière, Observatoire de Paris, Paris Science et Lettres University, Sorbonne Université, 75014, Paris, France.
⁴⁸ Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
⁴⁹ Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France.
⁵⁰ Institut Universitaire de France, Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, 75231 Paris, France.
⁵¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
⁵² Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, China.
⁵³ Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Beijing 100101, China.
⁵⁴ Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
⁵⁵ Departments of Chemistry and Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
⁵⁶ Center for Interstellar Catalysis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
⁵⁷ Institute of Solid State Physics, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
⁵⁸ Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05509-090 São Paulo, Brazil.
⁵⁹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, San José State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA.
⁶⁰ Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Centro Superior de Investigacion Cientifica, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain.
⁶¹ Institución Catalana de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain.
⁶² Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
⁶³ European Space Agency, Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
⁶⁴ Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017 Moscow, Russia.
⁶⁵ Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
⁶⁶ Telespazio UK, European Space Agency, E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain.
⁶⁷ Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
⁶⁸ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
⁶⁹ Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
⁷⁰ Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
⁷¹ Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
⁷² Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Modelling, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
⁷³ Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France.
⁷⁴ Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
⁷⁵ Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Centro Superior de Investigacion Cientifica, E28049, Madrid, Spain.
⁷⁶ Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
⁷⁷ Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
⁷⁸ Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Instituto Nazionale di Astrofisca, 09047 Selargius, Italy.
⁷⁹ Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
⁸⁰ National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan.
⁸¹ Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
⁸² Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
⁸³ Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GD Amsterdam, Netherlands.
⁸⁴ Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
⁸⁵ Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96201-900, Rio Grande, Brazil.
⁸⁶ Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
⁸⁷ School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
⁸⁸ Astronomy Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
⁸⁹ Space Science Institute, R203 Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
⁹⁰ Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
⁹¹ Department of Physics, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
⁹² Ritter Astrophysical Research Center, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
⁹³ School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
⁹⁴ Star and Planet Formation Laboratory, Rikagaku Kenkyusho Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
⁹⁵ Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China.

PMID: 38422128
DOI: 10.1126/science.adh2861

A far-ultraviolet-driven photoevaporation flow observed in a protoplanetary disk

Olivier Berné et al. Science. 2024 Mar.

. 2024 Mar;383(6686):988-992.

doi: 10.1126/science.adh2861. Epub 2024 Feb 29.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, 31028 Toulouse, France.
² Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France.
³ Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
⁴ Institute for Earth and Space Exploration, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
⁵ Carl Sagan Center, Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.
⁶ Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris Science et Lettres, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, F-92190 Meudon, France.
⁷ School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
⁸ UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill EH9 3HJ, UK.
⁹ Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
¹¹ ACRI-ST, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche de Grasse, F-06130 Grasse, France.
¹² Innovative Common Laboratory for Space Spectroscopy, 06130 Grasse, France.
¹³ NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
¹⁴ Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
¹⁵ Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France.
¹⁶ Centro de Astrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain.
¹⁷ Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
¹⁸ Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
¹⁹ Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique, F-38406 Saint-Martin d'Hères, France.
²⁰ I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany.
²¹ Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
²² Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Meisei University, Hino, Tokyo 191-8506, Japan.
²³ Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
²⁴ Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-439 92 Onsala, Sweden.
²⁵ Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.
²⁶ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal.
²⁷ Instituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Itajubá, Brazil.
²⁸ Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
²⁹ Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Victoria, Australia.
³⁰ Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, 95123 Catania, Italy.
³¹ Department of Space, Earth, and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 43992 Onsala, Sweden.
³² Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Science et Lettres, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005, Paris, France.
³³ Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
³⁴ Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
³⁵ Institute for Modeling Plasma, Atmospheres, and Cosmic Dust, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
³⁶ Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS Delft, Netherlands.
³⁷ Institute for Molecules and Materials, Free-Electron Lasers for Infrared eXperiments Laboratory, Radboud University, 6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands.
³⁸ School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India.
³⁹ Department of Physics, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA.
⁴⁰ Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
⁴¹ Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Irène Joliot-Curie, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
⁴² Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France.
⁴³ Department of Chemistry, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Bangalore, India.
⁴⁴ Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
⁴⁵ National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
⁴⁶ European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, E-28692 Madrid, Spain.
⁴⁷ Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière, Observatoire de Paris, Paris Science et Lettres University, Sorbonne Université, 75014, Paris, France.
⁴⁸ Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
⁴⁹ Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France.
⁵⁰ Institut Universitaire de France, Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, 75231 Paris, France.
⁵¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
⁵² Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, China.
⁵³ Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Beijing 100101, China.
⁵⁴ Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
⁵⁵ Departments of Chemistry and Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
⁵⁶ Center for Interstellar Catalysis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
⁵⁷ Institute of Solid State Physics, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
⁵⁸ Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05509-090 São Paulo, Brazil.
⁵⁹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, San José State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA.
⁶⁰ Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Centro Superior de Investigacion Cientifica, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain.
⁶¹ Institución Catalana de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain.
⁶² Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
⁶³ European Space Agency, Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
⁶⁴ Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017 Moscow, Russia.
⁶⁵ Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
⁶⁶ Telespazio UK, European Space Agency, E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain.
⁶⁷ Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
⁶⁸ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
⁶⁹ Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
⁷⁰ Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
⁷¹ Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
⁷² Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Modelling, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
⁷³ Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France.
⁷⁴ Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
⁷⁵ Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Centro Superior de Investigacion Cientifica, E28049, Madrid, Spain.
⁷⁶ Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
⁷⁷ Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
⁷⁸ Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Instituto Nazionale di Astrofisca, 09047 Selargius, Italy.
⁷⁹ Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
⁸⁰ National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan.
⁸¹ Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
⁸² Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
⁸³ Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GD Amsterdam, Netherlands.
⁸⁴ Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
⁸⁵ Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96201-900, Rio Grande, Brazil.
⁸⁶ Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
⁸⁷ School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
⁸⁸ Astronomy Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
⁸⁹ Space Science Institute, R203 Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
⁹⁰ Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
⁹¹ Department of Physics, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
⁹² Ritter Astrophysical Research Center, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
⁹³ School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
⁹⁴ Star and Planet Formation Laboratory, Rikagaku Kenkyusho Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
⁹⁵ Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China.

PMID: 38422128
DOI: 10.1126/science.adh2861

Abstract

Most low-mass stars form in stellar clusters that also contain massive stars, which are sources of far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation. Theoretical models predict that this FUV radiation produces photodissociation regions (PDRs) on the surfaces of protoplanetary disks around low-mass stars, which affects planet formation within the disks. We report James Webb Space Telescope and Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations of a FUV-irradiated protoplanetary disk in the Orion Nebula. Emission lines are detected from the PDR; modeling their kinematics and excitation allowed us to constrain the physical conditions within the gas. We quantified the mass-loss rate induced by the FUV irradiation and found that it is sufficient to remove gas from the disk in less than a million years. This is rapid enough to affect giant planet formation in the disk.

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A far-ultraviolet-driven photoevaporation flow observed in a protoplanetary disk

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A far-ultraviolet-driven photoevaporation flow observed in a protoplanetary disk

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