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Observational Study
. 2024 Feb 23;50(1):e20230116.
doi: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20230116. eCollection 2024.

Vaccination status and outcomes in critical COVID-19 patients

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Pedro Nogueira Costa  1 , João Oliveira Pereira  1 , Aurea Higon Cañigral  2 , Elena Martinez Quintana  2 , Juan Miguel Sanchez-Nieto  2 , Pablo Bayoumy Delis  2 , Ana Renedo Villarroya  2 , Laura Lopez Gomez  2 , Nuria Alonso Fernandez  2 , Andrés Carrillo Alcaraz  2
Affiliations
Observational Study

Vaccination status and outcomes in critical COVID-19 patients

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Pedro Nogueira Costa et al. J Bras Pneumol. .

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory failure on the basis of their vaccination status at the time of ICU admission.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study using a prospective database of patients admitted to the ICU of a university hospital in the city of Murcia, in Spain, between January 1, 2021 and September 1, 2022. Clinical, analytical, and sociodemographic data were collected and analyzed on the basis of patient vaccination status. We adjusted for confounding variables using propensity score matching and calculated adjusted ORs and 95% CIs.

Results: A total of 276 patients were included in the study. Of those, 8.3% were fully vaccinated, 12% were partially vaccinated, and 79.7% were unvaccinated. Although fully vaccinated patients had more comorbidities, partially vaccinated patients had higher disease severity. The proportion of patients with severe acute respiratory failure was higher in the unvaccinated group, followed by the partially vaccinated group. No significant differences were found among the different groups regarding complications, duration of ventilatory support, or length of ICU/hospital stay. In the sample selected by propensity score matching, the number of patients with severe complications and the in-hospital mortality rate were higher in unvaccinated patients, but the differences were not significant.

Conclusions: This study failed to show a significant improvement in outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. However, the CIs were wide and the mortality point estimates favored patients who received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine.

Objetivo:: Analisar as características clínicas e desfechos de pacientes com insuficiência respiratória aguda por COVID-19 com base na situação vacinal no momento da admissão na UTI.

Métodos:: Estudo observacional retrospectivo com um banco de dados prospectivo de pacientes admitidos na UTI de um hospital universitário em Múrcia, na Espanha, entre 1º de janeiro de 2021 e 1º de setembro de 2022. Dados clínicos, analíticos e sociodemográficos foram coletados e analisados com base na situação vacinal dos pacientes. Por meio de pareamento por escore de propensão, foram realizados ajustes de modo a levar em conta as variáveis de confusão. Além disso, foram calculadas as OR ajustadas e IC95%.

Resultados:: Foram incluídos no estudo 276 pacientes. Destes, 8,3% apresentavam vacinação completa, 12% apresentavam vacinação incompleta e 79,7% não haviam sido vacinados. Embora os pacientes com vacinação completa apresentassem mais comorbidades, os com vacinação incompleta apresentavam doença mais grave. A proporção de pacientes com insuficiência respiratória aguda grave foi maior nos não vacinados, seguidos daqueles com vacinação incompleta. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os diferentes grupos quanto a complicações, tempo de suporte ventilatório ou tempo de internação na UTI/hospital. Na amostra selecionada pelo pareamento por escore de propensão, o número de pacientes com complicações graves e a taxa de mortalidade hospitalar foram maiores em pacientes não vacinados, mas as diferenças não foram significativas.

Conclusões:: Este estudo não conseguiu demonstrar uma melhoria significativa dos desfechos em pacientes com COVID-19 em estado crítico e vacinados contra o SARS-CoV-2. No entanto, os IC foram amplos e as estimativas pontuais de mortalidade favoreceram os pacientes que receberam pelo menos uma dose de vacina contra a COVID-19.

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Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: None declared.

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