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Review
. 2025 Mar:53:14-22.
doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2024.01.002. Epub 2024 Jan 18.

A review of post COVID syndrome pathophysiology, clinical presentation and management in children and young people

Rebecca Johnston  1 , Samatha Sonnappa  2 , Anne-Lise Goddings  3 , Elizabeth Whittaker  4 , Terry Y Segal  5
Affiliations
Review

A review of post COVID syndrome pathophysiology, clinical presentation and management in children and young people

Rebecca Johnston et al. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2025 Mar.

Abstract

Post Covid Syndrome (PCS) is a complex multi-system disorder with a spectrum of presentations. Severity ranges from mild to very severe with variable duration of illness and recovery. This paper discusses the difficulties defining and describing PCS. We review the current understanding of PCS, epidemiology, and predisposing factors. We consider potential mechanisms including viral persistence, clotting dysfunction and immunity. We review presentation and diagnosis and finally consider management strategies including addressing symptom burden, rehabilitation, and novel therapies.

Keywords: COVID-19; Children; Fatigue; Long Covid; Paediatric; Pediatric; Post COVID; Post COVID condition; Post Covid Syndrome; Young people.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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