Perceptions and attitudes of Rohingya community stakeholders to pregnancy termination services: a qualitative study in camps of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Rohingya women suffer from inaccessibility to sexual and reproductive health services in Myanmar. After the forcible displacement of the Rohingya from Myanmar to Bangladesh in 2017, pregnancy termination services have been increasingly important and desired, while knowledge gaps and obstacles to access services still exist. The role of community stakeholders is critical as gatekeepers and decision-makers to improve and strengthen pregnancy termination services for women in camps. However, there is paucity of evidence on their perspectives about pregnancy termination. This qualitative study aims to understand the perception and attitudes of Rohingya community stakeholders to pregnancy termination in the camps of Cox's Bazar.

Methods: We used purposive sampling to select 48 participants from the community stakeholders, 12 from each group: majhis (Rohingya leaders), imams (religious leaders), school teachers, and married men. We conducted in-depth interviews of all the participants between May-June 2022 and October-November 2022. Data were coded on Atlas.ti and analysed using a thematic content analysis approach.

Results: Multiple socio-cultural and religious factors, gendered norms and stigma associated with pregnancy termination acted as barriers to women seeking services for it. From a religious stance, there was greater acceptance of pregnancy termination in the earlier period than in the later period of pregnancy. We observed that pregnancy termination among community stakeholders in earlier stages of pregnancy than later. However, circumstances, such as a woman's marital status, whether she sought her husband's permission or her ability of childcare capacity, were often framed by community stakeholders as 'acceptable' for pregnancy termination. Health concerns and social and contextual factors can influence community stakeholders supporting pregnancy termination.

Conclusions: The community stakeholders perspectives on barriers and enablers of pregnancy termination were variable with the context. These perspectives may support or impede women's ability to choice to seek pregnancy termination services. To improve women's choice to pregnancy termination, it is critical to consider roles of community stakeholders in creating their supporting attitudes to women's choice and access, and to designing targeted culturally appropriate interventions with communities support and engagement.

Keywords: Abortion care; Bangladesh; Menstrual regulation; Pregnancy termination; Rohingya.