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. 2024 Feb 12;27(3):109197.
doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109197. eCollection 2024 Mar 15.

Preparation of biocompatibility coating on magnesium alloy surface by sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel

Rufeng Jia  1   2 , Yanyan He  1   2 , Jia Liang  1   2 , Lin Duan  2   3 , Chi Ma  1   2 , Taoyuan Lu  1   2 , Wenbo Liu  1   2 , Shikai Li  2 , Haigang Wu  4 , Huixia Cao  5 , Tianxiao Li  1   2   3 , Yingkun He  1   2
Affiliations

Preparation of biocompatibility coating on magnesium alloy surface by sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel

Rufeng Jia et al. iScience. .

Abstract

Magnesium alloy is an excellent material for biodegradable cerebrovascular stents. However, the rapid degradation rate of magnesium alloy will make stent unstable. To improve the biocompatibility of magnesium alloy, in this study, biodegradable sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan (SA/CMCS) was used to coat onto hydrothermally treated the surface of magnesium alloy by a dipping coating method. The results show that the SA/CMCS coating facilitates the growth, proliferation, and migration of endothelial cells and promotes neovascularization. Moreover, the SA/CMCS coating suppresses macrophage activation while promoting their transformation into M2 type macrophages. Overall, the SA/CMCS coating demonstrates positive effects on the safety and biocompatibility of magnesium alloy after implantation, and provide a promising therapy for the treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis in the future.

Keywords: Applied sciences; Biomaterials.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Figure 1
Figure 1
SEM, AFM plot of the sample SEM image of (A) Mg substrate, (B) Mg-OH, (C) Mg-PEI, (D) Mg-(SA/CMCS)6 coatings (scale bar = 2 μm); AFM image of (E) Mg substrate, (F) Mg-OH, (G) Mg-PEI, (H) Mg-(SA/CMCS)6 coatings (scale bar = 1 μm).
Figure 2
Figure 2
XRD, XPS plot of the sample (A) XRD patterns of the Mg substrate, Mg-OH and Mg-(SA/CMCS)6 coatings; (B) XPS spectra of Mg substrate, Mg-OH, Mg-PEI and Mg-(SA/CMCS)6 coatings; The XPS spectra image of Mg after SA/CMCS coating: (C) C1s, (D) O1s, and (E) N1s.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Tafel curves of Mg substrate, Mg-OH, and Mg-(SA/CMCS)6 samples in SBF
Figure 4
Figure 4
Mg2+ and pH of the sample (A) Mg2+ concentration and (B) pH value in the extracts of Mg substrate, Mg-OH and Mg-(SA/CMCS)6 samples after immersion in SBF at 37°C for 0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 48 h.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Hydrophobicity and blood compatibility of the sample (A) Water contact angle of Mg substrate, Mg-OH, and Mg-(SA/CMCS)6 samples; (B) Acute hemolysis test of Mg substrate, Mg-OH, and Mg-(SA/CMCS)6 samples.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Endothelialization studies of the sample HUVECs were cultured in Mg substrate, Mg-OH, and Mg-(SA/CMCS)6 medium extracts: (A) CCK-8 was measured after 1 day, 3 days and 5 days of culture; (B) NO release after 1 day, 3 days and 5 days of culture; (C), (D) Migration and quantitative analysis of cells cultured for 0 h and 6 h after scratch (scale bar = 400 μm); (E), (F) Transwell migration and quantitative analysis after 24 h of culture (scale bar = 100 μm); (G), (H) Vascular formation and quantitative analysis after 6 h of culture (scale bar = 200 μm); ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Expression of vWF (green) and VE-cadherin (red) in normal medium and Control, Mg substrate, Mg-OH and Mg-(SA/CMCS)6 extracts (scale bar = 25 μm)
Figure 8
Figure 8
HCASMCs and HUVECs were co-cultured in Control, Mg substrate, Mg-OH and Mg-(SA/CMCS)6 extracts for HCASMCs migration (scale bar = 100 μm)
Figure 9
Figure 9
Inflammation studies of the sample (A), (B) Results of ELISA for IL-6 and IL-10 in M0, M1 and M2 macrophages; (C), (D), (E) qRT-PCR results of relative expression levels of Arg-1, ODC-1, TNF-α, Arg-2 and netin-1 mRNA in M0, M1 and M2 macrophages; ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Schematic diagram depicting the preparation of the Mg-(SA/CMCS)6 composite coating
Figure 11
Figure 11
Mechanism of SA/CMCS coating on the biocompatibility of the surface of magnesium alloy
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